Properties Of Phosphorus 31 System Essay

Radiometric dating is a technique that utilizes unstable isotopes of natural elements. Because these unstable isotopes eventually decay at a constant and singular rate despite any environmental changes such as temperature or moisture changes. The unit used as measurement is a half-life which is the amount of time it takes 50% of the original isotope to decay into the next isotope or daughter isotope. Basically the amount of half-lives is multiplied by the length of the half-life to estimate the age of the object being tested. Every element used has a different half-life and that makes each useful for measuring certain types of material. Some have longer a half-life and thus a longer effective dating range. Potassium-argon dating is useful for dating material that is extremely old. This method is used by geologists to replace relative ages based on rock formation with absolute ages. The dates found from the radiometric technique are accurate because the sources, the individual radioactive isotopes, are unchanging and unaffected by environmental factors. This means that the radiometric data will always be precise unlike relative dating which relies on the theory of uniformitarianism, the theory that geological history is made up of endless and uniform

     The brain function being studied during a PET scan determines which positron-emitting radiopharmaceutical is used. Oxygen-15 can be used to label oxygen gas for the study of oxygen metabolism, carbon monoxide for the study of blood volume, or water for the study of blood flow in the brain. Similarly, fluorine-18 can be attached to a glucose molecule to produce 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) for use in the observation of the brain’s sugar metabolism.

The pioneering work of Becquerel in 1896 (the discovery of uranium), and the Curies (who subsequently discovered radium and polonium and the energy and heat given off by these new elements which they called radioactivity) led to the remarkable work of Ernest Rutherford. He was a physicist, whose experiments showed that some heavier elements spontaneously changed or decayed into lighter elements (unstable 'parent' elements giving off protons and neutrons to form a 'daughter' element) through the process of radioactivity. He discovered that radioactive materials decay at a very predictable rate, and that lead was the final decay product of uranium. Using Rutherford's ideas, Bertram Boltwood pioneered a method of radiometric dating in 1907. He hypothesized that since he knew how long it takes uranium to break down, he could measure the proportions of lead in uranium ores, and use his calculations to date how long those ores had existed,

We can use the small numbers to give information about the particles in the nucleus.

Purpose: To use indicators to test for the presence of organic compounds in certain substances.

Spectrophotometers are quite precise instruments allowing for five significant figures to be obtained. The major source of error in this lab is how small the concentration of the reagents are.

What is Phosphorus, and How is it Extracted Phosphorus is a non-metal solid, with atomic number 15, and usually comes in white, red, or black allotropic forms. It is found in phosphates, particularly apatite, which is the most common in Florida. These phosphates lie anywhere from 15-50 feet under the ground, and are only accessible by removing the topsoil in a

Purpose The ultimate purpose of this experiment is to go through the copper cycle through various steps that include dissolution, precipitation, conversion, and reduction of copper. Throughout the processes the qualitative observations were recorded to see what effect each type of acid and decanting has on copper. All of these steps were successfully completed by using different acidic solutions and zinc to take copper through the cycle from copper solid to copper nitrate to copper hydroxide, to copper oxide, to copper II sulfate, and back to copper solid. Procedure CHE 131 Experiment 1,

CHE 133 Experiment 3, General Chemistry II Lab, Spring Quarter 2014-2015, DePaul University. [Online] https://www.d2l.depaul.edu (accessed April 25, 2015)

Based on the notes we took in class, the activities we did, and the Journey of X, X is Phosphorus. Phosphorus is a chemical element. In the journey of X, X spent the majority of the journey, in soil, or surface water. The abiotic reservoirs for the phosphorous cycle are soil and surface water. This alone eliminates the water and carbon cycle because they don't have soil as there abiotic reservoirs. Nitrogen is in the atmosphere, and phosphorus is not found in the atmosphere. Throughout the whole journey of X, X was never in the atmosphere. That means it is not Nitrogen. This clearly shows how X is phosphorous.

Koczanski, Krystyna; Xidos, James D. CHEM 1300 Laboratory Manual; UMSU Copy Centre: Winnipeg, MB, Canada, 2013, pp

     After the column the separated compounds enter the detector, which measures a physical or chemical property of each, now relatively pure, compound and creates a proportional electronic signal. By calibrating with a standard mixture of known compounds, the nature of the compound in the

[2] 588.399MPa of pressure was applied at room temperature to phosphorus though the medium of the kerosene, the temperature was then raised to 200°C and the pressure was raised to 1225.831MPa. The transition from white to black phosphorus under these conditions taking from 5-30 minutes and yielding approximately 50g of black phosphorus.[2] Bridgeman discovered that Black Phosphorus was a good conductor of electricity and a good conductor of heat. Bridgeman was the first to notice that black phosphorus is a good electrical conductor because of its physical properties. Bridgeman made the discovery of black phosphorus by mistake, and now it is being studied around the

The empirical formula that was determined was different from that of the “true” compound mentioned. The empirical formula determined was:

For generating valuable data with a desired accuracy and to quantify concentration of the constituents present in the samples being analyzed.