The term “postmodernism” was first used by the philosopher Jean-Francois Lyotard in 1979. This term refers to the rejection of modernist ideas. However, if you have not had the chance to watch and films from the modern era, then it could prove difficult to tell whether or not original films are considered to be modernist or postmodernist. The films Stranger than Fiction and the short film Play are both postmodern films because they share the elements of hyper-reality, ambiguity, and metafiction. When viewing any postmodern cinema, it can be difficult to determine which is actual reality. In both films, it is questionable which reality is in fact real. In Stranger than Fiction, one possible reality is that Harold is a product of the book that is written by the famous author Karen Eiffel. It begins one day when he starts hearing her narrate various details of his life. Such as, when Harold was counting the number of strokes while brushing his teeth. He would look up and try to find out where the voice was coming from. “...alright, who just said that Harold counted brush strokes?” (Harold, Stranger than Fiction) Later he found himself screaming in public at the bus stop after Karen had narrated his imminent death “…Why? Why my death?” (Harold. Stranger than Fiction) Was she the author of his life, or was he just hearing voices in his head? Perhaps he had a nervous breakdown or had developed schizophrenia? It is also difficult to tell what the actual reality in Play. It appeared
Harold Crick is an IRS auditor who lives an extremely predictable lifestyle dictated by routine and numbers. In the beginning of the film “Stranger than Fiction” Harold is depicted as boring, routine, and shows signs of having Obsessive Compulsive Disorder with his endless counting of everything he sees. He lives his life to the minimum as he has no wife, social life, no real friends, and in fact, his wristwatch seems to be his only friend as he depends on timing everything down to the second, to save time. Harold continues to live every day just like the last, simply slaving through the rest of the workweek, until he hears a mysterious voice, an omniscient voice, narrating his every move day in and out. Karen Eiffel “Kay” is an esteemed novelist known for writing amazing tragedies. She has been working on her latest work but is suffering from writer’s block, and can’t figure out how exactly she wants to kill her main character, Harold Crick. During her narrations she announces Harold’s “sudden imminent death”, and he hears this with an overwhelming fear of what this means for him. The “sudden imminent death “creates an issue of time sensitivity for Harold, and is a huge part of Stranger than Fiction’s theme. Harold was completely content with his mundane life full of routine based tasks all programmed by his wristwatch. The issue of when he will die is a huge motivator for both Harold and Karen as she needs to find that perfect ending for her book. The plots are difficult
An important theme that is shown throughout the film, Stranger than Fiction, directed by Marc Forster, is the power of growth and the ideological behavior of changing one’s views. People cannot determine or dictate their fate, however one can decipher how he or she responds to a given situation. Only once Harold finally accepts the fact his future is not controlled by him or his watch, only by fate, does he realize true happiness and freedom are in the palms of his hands.
Modernism was primarily concerned with principles such as identity, unity, authority, and certainty whereas postmodernism is often connected with difference, plurality, textuality, and skepticism. Postmodernism is a movement away from the perspective of modernism. Basically Modernism became 'whatever you could get away with.' Modernism attempts to construct a consistent world-view whereas postmodernism tries to remove the difference between high and low. Modernist thinking stresses that mankind advances by using science and reason while postmodernist thinking believes that progress is the only way to validate the European domination on culture. Modernist beliefs are in learning from past experiences and trusts the texts that relate the past. On the other hand postmodernist thinking defies any truth in the text narrating the past and renders it of no use in the present times. Modernist historians have a faith in depth. They believe in going deep into a subject to fully analyze it. This is not the case with postmodernist thinkers. They believe in going by the superficial appearances, they believe in playing on surfaces and show no concern towards the depth of subjects. Modernism considers the original works as authentic while postmodernist thinkers base their views on hyper-reality; they get highly influenced by things propagated through
The term postmodernism has been defined in different ways over the past years but it still hasn’t had its official definition. Postmodernism is a daunting subject because of the disagreements between people of how they interrupt texts and art. Postmodernism is a critic of what we assume to be real or a fantasy of what we want to be real. Postmodernism raises an importance of identity. Postmodernism is a style and concept of the arts, architecture and the criticism that shows a break from modernism. Postmodernism highlights ideas and theories. It can include different artistic styles in art. For example, an artist can mix pop art with an icon image such as Marilyn Monroe, or make recycled garbage into new art. Watchmen
The term postmodernism is used a lot with the analysis of characters of The Nonexistent Knight and the story. Postmodernism is the acceptance that the world lacks true creativity, that reality is fragmented, and the belief that all communication is shaped by cultural bias, myth, metaphor, and political content. So basically, it is the realization of the world being biased and lack of true creativity. An example of this would be Gurduloo and how he is the opposite of what society wants him to be. He is seen as a postmodernist character due to his opposite reactions to what society has taught us to follow and be. A real life example of this is that humans aren’t creators in the eyes of Christians, only God can create. Humans can be influenced
Postmodernism is a term that lacks a definitive definition. According to Fabe, postmodernism has become meaningless, which is ironically appropriate because one of the core concerns of postmodernism is meaningless (173). Mast and Kawin note that “postmodernism analyzes a world without a definitive center,” and builds on references to popular culture (630). In class, we discussed that postmodernism comments on contemporary culture, often through quotation, appropriation, borrowing, homage, reusing, and recycling. After watching the two postmodern films, Annie Hall and How Tasty Was My Little Frenchman, I think postmodernism fits into all of these definitions. I also think postmodern films offer a sort of truth that is often unrecognizable
A worldwide movement encompassing all disciplines, postmodernism arose in response to the dominant idea of modernism, which is described as the social condition of living in an urban, fast-changing progressivist world governed by instrumental reason.
Postmodernism is a term which is highly contested in the sociological world, where it is used to indicate a significant detachment from modernism. It is easier to give the uses of the term; ‘to give a name to the present historical period, to name a specific style in arts and architecture and to name a point of rupture or disjuncture in epistemology’ (Buchanan, 2010). For this,
The Postmodernist movement begun after World War II in which, high and low culture are questionable in the view of society and Art. The postmodernist movement in literature creates a new set of ideals for fiction, such as the metafiction, the fable like representation in novels, the pastiche, irony, and satire. Fredric Jameson speaks about the movement and its theory in his essay “Postmodernism and Consumer Society”. He questions postmodernism in society as it creates the new societal norm of popular culture. On the other hand, Jean Baudrillard analyzes the simulacra of postmodernism in “The Precession of Simulacra”. Baudrillard speaks of the “truth” and “reality” also as a questionable representation for the reader. Yet, both critics
Fight Club and Stranger than Fiction are excellent postmodernist works because they use the postmodern elements metafiction, intertextuality, and dark humour with a high degree of effectiveness. Fight Club and Stranger than Fiction use the postmodern element metafiction effectively by breaking the fourth wall. In one of Tyler speeches, the viewers are unaware of who he’s talking to. Suddenly, he looks directly into the camera and says, “You are not your f**king khakis.” (Fight Club)
Postmodernism was a reaction against the modernism philosophical values and assumptions. Although many agree that there is a thin line between modernism and postmodernism, postmodernism is not modernism. In modernism, scientific theories were used to determine what is true. However, postmodernism allows individuals to question the theories and not take them as facts (Duignan, 2014). While modernism emphasized on objectivism, postmodernism allows extensive subjectivism in all aspects of life.
something that is ‘real’ as such. Another example can be observed in the blatant display of selfreflexivity when Mia makes eye contact with the camera and “draws” a square with her finger.
Their belief is if something happen to you it because you made it happen. Postmodernist deem that truth is relative and truth is up to each human being to decide for himself. They view the world outside of themselves as being wrong, other people’s truth becomes indistinguishable from wrong. While is everyone have they own concept of just what postmodernism believe it seem to have become very popular anything and everything is okay and no one can give a clear answer on just what their worldview is it just seem a little complicated for illogical think, immorality as well as transitory
Postmodernism describes the era where there was skepticism and distrust of grand narratives and hence the term post truth was implemented in reference to politics. Post - truth was first coined in 1992 by the late serbian playwright Steve Tesich, in which he wrote that
Postmodernism refers to a broad term used to explain movements in philosophy, art, music and critical theory. Postmodernism is viewed as a reaction to the pioneering modernist movement. In literature and art, postmodernism responds against classical ideas. With respect to post-structuralism and structuralism, there is a great difference between postmodernism