Part II: The Policy Process
Melissa Paciello
Health Care Policy: The Past and the Future/HCS 455
April 11, 2011
Bette Sorrento
Part II: The Policy Process Part I of the policy process involves, the formulation phase, the evaluation or legislation phase, and the implementation phase. The formulation phase is the stage where the all the information, ideas, concepts, and researches from various people, organizations, and interest groups are taken. The legislation or evaluation process is defined as the stage where deliberations, discussions, debates, and justifications are done. The implementation phase is when the adopted policy is acted upon (Abood, 2007). All public policies that are amended by the local, state, or federal
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Many policy makers do this by setting goals or objectives within a 30 – 60 -90 day window. Once again information is given in feedback form to the policy makers and over time the data and information is kept in order to review and analyze at a later date. The analysis can be done in many ways one way indicated is by comparing the feedback to a policy already existing. Look at the feedback and determine the positive and negative as it affects the majority of the people as a whole. The thing to remember in the analysis stage is just like dealing with computers and important data or a training and determine how effective the over all training was. Policies are no different, it is necessary to ensure the policy is a positive for all people involved. Same with the negative aspects of the policy, information and feedback are given and gathered in the same manner. It is at this point all information can be viewed in order to determine the pros and cons. Of course if the pros are greater, the policy will more than likely be continued, however if the cons prevail the policy will more than likely be removed. All of this is part of the analysis stage of the policy process. Policy analysis is the way to provide a reality check and continue to drive results for problems as they arise (Lynn. 1999). Policy revision is almost like the formulation stage of the policy process. There must be background and justification for the
The first aim of this step is to ensure that the working group is well informed about the policy issue/s and is aware of all potential avenues or options available to them in developing and implementing the policy. To do this you can:
The evaluation stage will help to discover any problems that have developed through the implementation process and changes in the policy by helping to solve any of the problems if necessary. Below is a picture that will show you and indicate the six processes of evaluation that will help identify the probability of the policy that
In a survey conducted in 2003, it highlighted that the recurrent problem is the reimbursement rate from Medicaid to the physician (O’Shea, 2007). The Center for Studying Health System Change (HSC) show that 21% of physicians that state they accept Medicaid have reported they will not accept a new Medicaid patient in 2004-2005(O’Shea, 2007). This number would only logically be assumed to have risen in 2013 A survey conducted by the U.S. National Health reported that researchers have found two standout trends among Medicaid beneficiaries: they have more difficulty getting primary care and specialty care and they visit hospital emergency departments more often than those with private insurance (Seaberg, 2012). The lack of primary and specialty care access is mostly contributed to the following barriers; unable to reach the MD by phone, not having a timely appointment with the MD and lastly unable to find a specialty MD that will accept Medicaid. In a recent report released by the Partnership to Fight Chronic Disease, it stated that about 30% of Medicaid patients experience “extreme uncoordinated care”, there is a strong correlation between this situation and higher Medicaid spending and less quality of care given (Bush, 2012). After January 1st 2013, healthcare providers have experienced a 2% reduction in payments for Medicaid beneficiary, this will only create more of a problem for these patients to seek the
Patient access to affordable health care is an ongoing issue in the United States. The first portion of the policy process involves three different stages, the formulation stage, legislative stage, and the implementation stage. Three main stages exist in the process to transform a topic into a policy (Morone, J. A., Litman, T. J., & Robins, L.S., 2008). Coupled with the implementation stage is an evaluation of all the stages to determine effectiveness and gather information for use in future public health care policy making. In the formulation stage, the ideas, concepts, and information steam from this process of policy making. The
The first step in creating this a new policy is the idea on how to address the current problem. During this first step, brainstorming is often encouraged during the formulation process so that there is more than one potential solution to the problem (Lohrey, 2014). Another consideration for policy formulation is determining if the policy will need to involve local, state, and/or federal government involvement to be put on their agenda. There are many ways to approach any given problem, and during policy formation, relevant individuals (such as stakeholders and researchers) and groups will determine the different ideas to approach the proposed policy.
In this assignment I am going to analyse how government policies are developed, covering all aspects of the policy making process.
The formulation stage is very important, as this is the stage that must gather all information necessary to make an effective policy. Stakeholders and a committee will come together and discuss what
Implementation stage commences after the policy has been approved. Some polices upon reaching the implementation phase will fail as the policy was more costly than budgeted for, hence it is necessary to conduct thorough research before commencing of policy process (Slack, 2011). The rules
“Policy research puts the spotlight on the variables that indicate relationships of social problems and other variables that public policy can manoeuvre” (Weimer and Vining, 2011, p. 25). Therefore, it is understandable that a better-educated and informed public that is present nowadays is more concerned about governments doing ‘the right thing’. Likewise, there is more and more scepticism about government interventions, especially when they inherit monetary spending (Davies et al., 2000, pp. 1–2). These are only a few reasons why in the field of policy making evidence became a substantial part. According to the vast amount of literature and the importance assigned to this topic from governments globally, one could think we have arrived in a “scientifically guided society” (Lindblom, 1990, pp. 213–214), (Nutley and Webb, 2000, p. 13). The purpose of this essay is to answer the question, if the barriers to evidence-based policy making are much smaller than most critics suggest. For this reason, a short introduction and the current debate about evidence-based policy will be given in the first instance. Secondly, known barriers of evidence-based policy making like timing or resources and ways to overcome them, will be presented. Based on these findings a concept that explains the claim that the barriers of evidence-based policymaking (EBP) are much smaller
The first two lectures, the introduction to policy making and agenda setting, gave a good background to the topic and laid a good foundation on which to discuss more specific issues. The policy triangle and the basic policy making sequence both were easy to understand and gave a good overview of this complex process. The further discussion of agenda setting opened my eyes to the importance of deciding what even makes it to the table to be discussed. It is easy to forget that before topics can even be debated and addressed, someone has
Process for Developing Policy: Rough draft written by the principal that will then be reviewed by a committee made up of principal, teachers (1 representing each grade level), students, and
It combines many factors or steps in policy process, which usually needs much time to develop public policy. Probably, the most influenced idea about the process is coming from theoretical point of view of policy process. This method is known as rational models. The rational models compromise with the ideal process of policy.
A Policy and Procedure Manual is a vital to the efficiency, morale, and all overall productivity of any company. This manual informs the employees of the company’s vision and purpose and the steps needed to incorporate that vison into their everyday duties and tasks; therefore, producing continuity and efficiency within the company by eliminating confusion and empowering the employees with knowledge and a sense of belonging and pride. The company’s mission, strategy, and vision are married to a successful system of policies and procedures, thus creating a foundation for a lucrative an efficient business with employees that are equipped, informed, and happy.
Simply defining policy is a plan of action, is a little too simplistic, the idea of policy must be explored at a greater depth if policy analysis is to have any real impact. Stephen Bell, (1993) states that policy exists in a number of formats. This first being “policy as text”, policies are the result of a great deal of debate and compromises that
Stol (2009: 14) defines policy making as a national government being able to convert its political objectives into programmes and actions to deliver the required outcomes (Stol 2009: 14). It could be noted that for the government to effectively respond to developmental challenges it should be able to have access of the background and complexity of the challenges. Such a process would assist the