Nurses and Grieving: A Time for Change
Elli Hunt
Denver School of Nursing Abstract
Individuals enter nursing with a wide array of experiences in how they grieve the loss of someone or something. These experiences follow them into their career and express themselves in the way they grieve for the loss of a patient. Evidence shows that this has historically been inadequate and unhealthy. To prevent the negative impact that ineffective grieving has upon the individual the approach to the grieving process must change. In doing so nurses will become more emotionally and physically stable while going through these difficult times, ultimately helping the healthcare institution to thrive.
CASE STUDY
My husband, Bob, a veteran nurse for 30 years stares into the distance with a seemingly emotional detachment as he recollects the horrifying events of that day. As a new nurse working in a small rural hospital he was wrapping up his typical day finalizing charts and making sure his 32 patients were doing well when he received the call from an Emergency Room (ER) technician. A father had frantically called the ER stating he was bringing his 18-month old boy in who he had accidently run over with his riding lawn mower. Bob responded immediately and within minutes saw a man running toward the door holding a small lifeless figure wrapped in a blood soaked towel. Bob took the child from the father and ran into the trauma room where he unwrapped the towel from the child. The
On reading this article and identifying the study, there was a clear insight on how death and dying, and even improved health, impacted those nurses (Conte, 2014). Nurses, who worked closely with their patients, through the perils and suffering, culminating of death and losses, had grief not readily explored to enable that comfort zone (Conte, 2014).
It identifies studies that address the issue of having a variety of definitions for caring (Enns, 2007). This issue is relevant as it may vary the results of previous studies. The references are current to the article and well documented. The resources used are more for the definition of caring and to support the need of further research and not that of the specific topic of lamentation and loss expressed among surgical nurses (Enns, 2007). The fact that research on caring in many areas of nursing has been done, it is identified that there is a lack of research done on acute general surgical wards (Enns, 2007). The literature review examines different research designs used to cover the study of nurses’ caring but it does not examine the need to research further into the specific field of surgical nursing other then the lack of previous research (Enns, 2007).
The life transition of death and dying is inevitably one with which we will all be faced; we will all experience the death of people we hold close throughout our lifetime. This paper will explore the different processes of grief including the bereavement, mourning, and sorrow individuals go through after losing someone to death. Bereavement is a period of adaptation following a life changing loss. This period encompasses mourning, which includes behaviors and rituals following a death, and the wide range of emotions that go with it. Sorrow is the state of ongoing sadness not overcome in the grieving process; though not pathological, persistent
This paper examines the implications of grief, bereavement and disenfranchised grief. Grief in response to a loss is a unique experience and is expressed distinctively by every individual. It is helpful to have models that outline the stages of grief that need to be experienced in order to achieve acceptance. However, their utility is limited by the reality that grief is immeasurably complex and individualized. Veterans and children are two groups at risk of developing disenfranchised grief. Therefore, it will be important for nurses to be able to identify those suffering with disenfranchised grief or other forms of maladaptive grief so appropriate intervention may be employed.
Death is a part of life and eventually everyone on this earth will experience it. Nurses play an important role in death. Mourning the death of a loved one is something that almost everyone will experience in this lifetime because it is a natural response to death. Bereavement, grief and mourning are all effected by one’s culture, religion, the relationship with the deceased, personality, and how the person died.
Losing a loved one can be very painful, emotional and overwhelming. The difficult part after losing a loved one is learning how to cope with the loss. In order for nurses to help individuals cope with a loss of a loved one it is important for them to understand the grief process. This paper will define and explain the bereavement role, disenfranchised grief, four tasks of mourning and how nurses can help bereaved individuals with these processes.
Death is a universally experienced phenomenon. In the United States alone, over 2.6 million people die each year (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). For practitioners, it is of utmost importance to better understand the process of grief to develop better interventions for bereaved individuals.
Cumulative grief is known as a caregiver’s emotional response to many episodes of grief (Shorter & Stayt). The multiple encounters with death give a nurse no opportunity to grieve adequately or completely for each individual patient that has died (Shorter & Stay, 2010). The unresolved grief accumulates and can lead to emotional and physicals problems which can then effect a nurse professionally and personally (Shorter & Stayt, 2010). The effects of cumulative grief include denial, feelings of decreased personal competency, overwhelming grief, low self-esteem, and pre-occupation with death (Shorter & Stayt,
I interviewed Tracy, who is a registered nurse with Shands Homecare, before working there she worked at North Florida Hospital. She has been a nurse for about ten years. Along with the above questions I asked Tracy a few of my own, one of the questions I asked was if there was a significant experience dealing with death in her profession that impacted her more than others, and there was. She mentioned that she went to a patient's home one day, who had been her patient for quite some time, and she found them deceased. She said that part if that experience that really impacted her was that at the time she found the patient, the patient's son was getting home from school. Tracy said that is was a very tragic experience for her. I also asked Tracy
This paper explores the emotional differences that people in the health care profession experience when it comes to the death of a patient. It defines the bereavement role, the four tasks of mourning, disenfranchised grief, compassion fatigue and how ambiguity and a lack of social acceptance can lead to decreased quality of patient care. In conclusion, the author offers an opinion of how to better manage the grieving and mourning process of care providers from an industry-wide standpoint.
But this may be what is necessary to begin the grieving process. In a case study published in the journal RN, the authors tell about a program designed to meet the unique needs of oncology nurses. This program was implemented at St. Jude’s Children’s Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. As a part of the program, the staff members who have cared for a patient are allowed to participate in a bedside memorial service. After the patient’s family has left the hospital, the chaplain will conduct a service for any of the employees who cared for that patient (Puckett, Hinds & Milligan, 1996). This would help nurses to accomplish the first of the four tasks of mourning-to accept the loss.
Grief is the act following the loss of a loved one. While grief and bereavement are normal occurrences, the grief process is a social construct of how someone should behave. The acceptable ways that people grieve change because of this construct. For a time it was not acceptable to grieve; today, however, it is seen as a necessary way to move on from death (Scheid, 2011).The grief process has been described as a multistage event, with each stage lasting for a suggested amount of time to be considered “normal” and reach resolution. The beginning stage of grief is the immediate shock, disbelief, and denial lasting from hours to weeks (Wambach, 1985). The middle stage is the acute mourning phase that can include somatic and emotional turmoil. This stage includes acknowledging the event and processing it on various levels, both mentally and physically. The final stage is a period of
In relation to the purpose of this study, the driving force behind the research are three questions. What are nurses experience following patient’s death? What are their actions and coping strategies following patient death? Would better learning opportunities and supportive practice environments be provided once there is an understanding of nurses’ grief and coping process, if yes, was it beneficial. The researchers proceeded with a broad question which allowed the focus to be sharpened and delineated later in the
The loss of a loved one is a very crucial time where an individual can experience depression, somatic symptoms, grief, and sadness. What will be discussed throughout this paper is what the bereavement role is and its duration, as well as the definition of disenfranchised grief and who experiences this type of grief. I will also touch upon the four tasks of mourning and how each bereaved individual must accomplish all four tasks before mourning can be finalized. Lastly, with each of these topics, nursing implications will be outlined on how to care for bereaved individuals and their families.
This essay explores several models and theories that discuss the complexities of loss and grief. A discussion of the tasks, reactions and understanding of grief through the different stages from infants to the elderly, will also be attempted.