MCS*3500 W15 – Market Analysis and Planning
Professor: Sud, Bharat
GTA: Ferdausi, Sultana
Tyler Ciprietti | tcipriet@mail.uoguelph.ca | ID#: 0786162
Reflection 2 | Testing Causal Direction in the Influence of Presumed Media Influence
1. Describe the context (why it was done, the general interest and what the researchers wanted to find out) of the research and research question (what is the hypothesis). /10
According to the influence of presumed media influence hypothesis, people estimate the potential effects of media on other people change their attitudes or behaviours as a consequence. In 1983, Columbia University sociologist W. Phillips Davison published an influential article titled “The Third Person Effect in Communication”. This
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The experiment was conducted in class during lecture hours and 11 participants reported they never purchase sugar and were omitted from the results. Experimenters explained that participants were to answer a short survey about media impact on purchase decisions and handed out randomly two versions of a two-page pamphlet. In the first page, participants were asked to read a newspaper article about an expected shortage in sugar that is about to be published. In the second page, the participants were asked to answer three questionnaires, one measuring reactions to the publication of the shortage of sugar, and the second served as a manipulation check, and the final set of questions were demographic. The manipulation of perceived influence followed research demonstrating that perceived exposure is a strong predictor of the perception that media affects others. The respondents were given information about the shortage of sugar being posted on the front page of a newspaper, and others were told that the story was located in the internal page of the economic news area. The independent variable in this study was the condition in which the news story was located on the front page, or located within the paper. This would be measured by stating either 0= front page or 1= inside story. The dependent variable is the reaction of students …show more content…
The direct relationship has become more insignificant with the addition of the mediator variables. Although the researchers saw an almost significant relationship, the mediators indirect path looks significant and the direct path looks insignificant. If we can show that a mediator variable significantly explains a direct path, and a direct path becomes more significant, it fully explains why more condition (X) leads to (Y). The matrix originally determined the direct relationship being equal to P=0.0766, but with the mediators, the direct relationship has a P-value of 0.3211.
(Total Effect + Mediator = 0.3211& the indirect effect + a1xb1 = 0.2413)
We can conclude that pmi is a significant mediator and explains why the condition of putting the news in the back or front influences the actions of the students purchasing decisions. Next, the SPSS matrix process changed focused on the importance variable. The same figure (figure 2) can be used to represent this relationship, however importance becomes the new M variable, and the a1 b1 lines will change to a2 and b2. Since the condition (pmi) changed to importance, the researchers hoped to view a more influential relationship that will explain why students will change their purchasing decisions. The new diagram can be seen
Today’s media (news) plays an enormous role in the lives of people in directing a specific perception of the world around them. Most often media conduct's a subconscious effect upon its spectators in which the upshots are deliberately or illdeliberatly towards a particular topic.
Media plays an important and influential role in society. The media effects so many different institutions throughout a society that researchers have began to wonder how the media is really effecting these processes. Over the years many models have been developed to explain this process. The models that I will look at, include the hypodermic model, the mass society theory, the minimal effects model, and the agenda setting and priming model. Before looking at these models, we must first look at some of the challenges researchers ran into while trying to understand the media effect. Many researchers believed that media had influence on the public, but did not change or have an effect on what the public believed in. However this was false statement, “This idea contrasted sharply with the public’s general perception that media play a very influential role in society. There are three major reasons for this gap in perceptions” (Graber 2009a). The first reason for this misperception was because of how narrow researchers looked at the effects on media issues. An example of this is when researchers looked at voters and whether certain media exposure would alter their vote. They concluded that there was no media influence, but the catch was that these studies were conducted during a time when party loyalty was very strong. This would be an important factor in the reasons why media did not influence the publics vote. To gain a better understanding researchers should have,
In today’s culture, consumers are very much in charge of their decisions in regards to purchasing. Advancements in technology have not only allowed consumers the capability to research, price shop and purchase products, but have also given businesses the ability to reach a targeted market based on data collection and past purchase history. Given that consumers have the purchase power in today’s society, many businesses have implemented situational factors to influence a consumers buying behavior.
Describe what this study demonstrated about human behavior and mental processes using the results of the study along with information you have learned in Units 1-3.
a) What are the main reasons why the authors decided to conduct this study? How did they justify what they did?
What is the purpose of the research? Discuss the type of research being conducted, e.g. applied, quantitative, etc. and explain.
1. State the type of study that was conducted (see methods section of article, it must be one of the above study types).
The media has been influencing society’s perception of reality ever since the printing press was invented in the early 1900’s. According to Delascio, when CNN first aired in 1980, it was the only television station devoted to around-the-clock news broadcasting. But by the end of the 1990s, it faced significant competition from MSNBC, Fox News, and others. As more twenty-four-hour news stations appear, many resort to attention-grabbing headlines that emphasize disasters and tragedies more than cooperation and good deeds (Delascio 2015). Does the media negatively or positively impact psychological perspectives? Who does the media influence the most men or women? Media tells you how to look at your world, yourself, and how to think in regards to them. It tells you what to be afraid of, what to hate, what to embrace, etc. If the idea of wanting to observe the effects of media on society, just look and listen. The messages that the media is transmitting are reflected in our societal values and behavior.
In today’s technology-based society, there arises a question. How much do the everyday things that we do affect us. If we were to take an inventory of how much media we let ourselves be influenced by every day, we would be shocked. When you read a book, watch television, or look at a magazine, you are opening your mind to the opinions represented. However, it is not the obvious messages that are the most dangerous. The scariest opinions are the ones that are hidden in subtle messages that maybe only the subconscious picks up on. There are many ways that a person can be influenced to change their ideas, thoughts, and even personal beliefs. In the article “Media's Use of Propaganda to Persuade People's Attitude, Beliefs
The media is a form of mass communication that has a great effect on the values, beliefs and actions of many human beings around the world. Whether there is information coming from different sources of media such as ads, commercials, or magazines, all types of media
The “Media” or medium is defined and described by encompassing television, music, radio, Internet and the newspaper to effectively communicate to populations worldwide. With all these mediums to ensure communication and information to communities globally, it has become a great staple in how many conduct their lives and communicate to others. While many would suggest that we are to not believe everything we read or see, could that mean that it has the ability to have a negative effect on some? And if so what age, demographic or social group could be considered to be more vulnerable to these effects?
Media is a huge part of people’s lives in today’s society. Through different forms of media people can now obtain vast amounts of information at the slightest touch of a finger. While it is convenient and comforting to have access to so much data, the question arises. How much of this information we receive shapes our lives? Mass media as an agent of socialization can prime and/or skew people’s belief system through mere exposure without the slightest clue of it affects. Mass media as an agent of socialization can structure people’s perception on society as a whole by simply using influence, control, and trust.
Media in terms of television, internet, constantly portrays image of celebrities dressed in a particular way and this does to a large extent influence people to follow the same trends as they conjure up the image that that is the latest fashion. Thus results in their changing taste and preference for certain goods and services. This proves that people's taste and preference is influenced more by what is shown on the television rather than just what they actually like. Moreover, the media can also influence people in terms of their behaviour example, media is one of the main factors for the changing crime rates, violence, sexuality and more. For example, there was a case in India where a student had stabbed his teacher as his teacher had complained to his parents that his proficiency in Hindi was poor and that he had to do something to improve it. When asked what had actually motivated him to do so, the boy had mentioned that he was influenced by a recent Bollywood film called 'Agneepath' which had a lot of violent scenes. He mentioned that it was only after watching that movie that he was inclined to stab his teacher. This indeed serves as evidence to show the extent to which the media in its various forms could influence people into believing that certain deeds are fine to do though in reality it may not be therefore causing them to engage in the wrong behaviour
Gaskins and Jerit (2012) contributed their research on this topic and introduce it by sharing, “these findings have important implications for researchers and industry executives who seek to understand the changing nature of the media environment and its effects on the mass public” (p. 191).
The co-relation between students who do not have any preference for accommodation and on campus is positively co-related as the significance value is less than .05. (p=0.016) This states that students who prefer to stay on campus don’t have a preference for their accommodation as they are positively correlated.