MAPP Process

Process evaluations help explain the success or failure of a program. It looks at how the program is being implemented to see if a program is being implemented the way it was designed and if it is reaching the intended population. If a program is not being implemented the way it was intended this could explain the eventual outcomes of the program. Additionally, if the program is not even reaching the students or all of the students, as it is intended this will also influence the outcomes. Process evaluations also examine how a program is operating and if it is operating as initially intended. If a program is not operating in the way it was designed to then this will have an effect on the outcomes as well. It also looks at the behaviors of those implementing the program to see if they affected the outcomes. If parents, teachers, and administrators are not implementing the program in the manner they are expected to, it could have an influence on how well the program is implemented and therefore affecting the

Over one million cases of Chlamydia were reported to the CDC in 2013. Despite this large number of reports it actually was a decrease by 1.5% since 2012 (CDC, 2014). Epidemiology statistics showed an increase in reported syphilis, including congenital. Other sexually transmitted diseases can pose higher risks for acquiring HIV. According to new studies, HIV is growing faster in populations that are over 50 versus 40 years and younger (BenRose, 2014). Factors may play a role in this such as higher divorce rates, new medications, and safe sex measures. Therefore, it is important for the healthcare provider screen for sexual activity and any change in sexual partners to provide routine testing when necessary and education on preventive

There is no doubt that Englewood is in high risk of Chlamydia infection, especially when data shows that confirmed cases have progressively increased since 2000. According to The Center for Impact Research (2004), Englewood has a dominant female population with 55% of its residents being female. In addition, the Center for Impact Research (2004) mentions that 36% of its residents are 18 years of age and under. As the CDC’s Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance Report (2011) states, “young people aged 15–24 years acquire nearly half of all new STDs. Compared with older adults, sexually active adolescents aged 15–19 years and young adults

The process evaluation activities that were incorporation to this implementation process were a verbal quiz pre/post test, answering anonymous questions, and re going over the quiz at the end. While some of the objectives were achieved and others were not due to the fact we only held this class once and won’t be able to follow up.

Additionally, the visioning steps that were created for the MAPP process was been initiated with an organizational structure to gather outside parties involved in the negotiations for planning and sharing a vision that would benefit the community. “David E. Newton (2013) reports vision, which involves developing a vision statement that describes what participants imagine the agency should look like at some point in the future, five or ten years down the road. Assessment, which means identifying the strengths and resources available to the public health effort from all possible sources, including the agency itself and the general community, with attention to forces that are expected to impact the future of the public health system, such as legislative and administrative rules and regulations.

The call for better chlamydia trachomatis (CT) screening programs is neither a new idea nor has been ignored by public health officials. Labelled as a ‘Hidden Epidemic’ by the CDC, North America has seen a rise in prevalence of CT infections over the past decade despite increased promotion of safe sex practices. According to the WHO, CT is the most common bacterial infection in the world, resulting 92 million new infections per year1 and is currently the most common notifiable disease in both Canada and the United States.2,3 The greatest burden of disease is observed among youth aged 15-24 with infection tending to trace societal fissures as certain geographic regions and marginalized populations face

The literature has documented that adolescents lack knowledge and understanding of chlamydia disease, signs and symptoms, and lack knowledge that chlamydia can be asymptomatic. The literature has documented that male’s knowledge about symptoms of chlamydia are lower than females. According to Lorimar & Hart 2010 adolescent have awareness of chlamydia, knowledge decreased as questions became increasingly focused on the disease signs and symptoms so that around half of respondents were unaware of the asymptomatic nature of chlamydia infections. Men’s knowledge of symptoms was consistently lower than women’s, with most men failing to identify unusual discharge as a symptom in men (men 58.3%, female 45.8%, p = 0.019); fewer men knew unusual discharge was a symptom among women (men 65.3% female 21.4%, p < 0.001). The literature has documented that adolescent that lack knowledge on chlamydia disease, do not understand

Distributing free condoms in a community is another form of primary prevention. Identify and treat persons with genital chlamydial infection before they infect their sex partners- and for pregnant women before they infect their newborns. Secondary prevention strategies are efforts to prevent complications among persons infected with chlamydia. Secondary prevention methods include screening women to identify and treat asymptomatic chlamydial infection and treating the female partners of men who have tested positive with a Chlamydial infection. Tertiary prevention attempts to reduce the damage caused by symptomatic disease by focusing on mental, physical, and social rehabilitation. Goals of tertiary prevention include: preventing pain and damage, stopping progression and complications from Chlamydia (Recommendations for the Prevention and Management of Chlamydia trachomatis Infections,

The Tri-city Clinic in Fremont, California designed a Chlamydia project in order to provide Chlamydia health education and prevention tips to adolescents within the community. Apart from providing chlamydia health education, the main project objectives were to motivate and promote regular chlamydia screenings as well as to provide affordable and accessible screenings and treatments (Kropac, Muley, & Smith, 2017).

The purpose of evaluating public health surveillance systems is to ensure that problems of public health importance are being monitored efficiently and effectively (CDC, 2001). Results that are generated from surveillance systems are not always free of errors; therefore, an evaluation is essential to produce a high quality STI surveillance system for Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, HIV-AIDS, and Syphilis programs. Evaluating these errors and shortcomings will allow for higher accuracy in results and will further lend a hand in disseminating findings in an efficient and timely fashion. The analysis being provided, as well as other reports, will drastically play a role in helping Summerville with the burden of STIs. It is important to assess the quality of the surveillance system in order to maintain relevant surveillance data, otherwise time, money, and effort will have gone to waste.

Finally, the findings will be combined into a report that will be forwarded to the different stakeholders. This evaluation plan begins by identifying the stakeholder involved in the program. They involve CDC, local government, and the population. The second segment contains a detailed description of the program and the methods used to implement it. The third segment outlines the logic model used to implement the CPPW program. The fourth segment is the evaluation design followed by evidence gathering. The last segment outlines how the findings will be communicated and used.

Outcome Evaluation-- Outcome evaluation measures the treatment effectiveness or whether the treatment experience has been a factor in causing the desired change and it also measures how clients and their circumstances change affecting the intervention.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) or sexually transmitted infections (STI) as they are also known account for 20 million cases annually and may be more of an economic burden than realized (Decker, 2016). These infections often go untreated or reported secondary to individuals being asymptomatic or lacking knowledge of the infections and the need for treatment. The current economic burden for treating these infections is estimated to be 16 million dollars a year with individuals between the ages of 15 and 24 accounting for half of the cases (Decker, 2016). Health care providers must maintain up to date knowledge in regards to treating and assessing for these infections. There are current issues arising in regards to changing guidelines for treatment secondary to antibiotic resistance and the primary method of prevention is being focused on risk assessment and education (Decker, 2016). The most common STD’s include, Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Trichomonas, Syphilis, Herpes simplex, Human papilloma virus (HPV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

In the state of Missouri, STIs are also one of the most critical health problem. According to Missouri Health Assessment (2013), the state’s Gonorrhea (130.3 per 100,000 persons) and Chlamydia (465.6 per 100,000 persons) rates are significantly higher than the U.S (104.2 and 457.6 per 100,000 persons, respectively) rates. Especially in the metro regions of Kansas City and St. Louis, the prevalence rates of Gonorrhea (191.8 and 188 per 100,000 persons, respectively) and Chlamydia (606.1 and 558.8 per 100,000 persons) is significant higher than the state rates (Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, 2013). In Missouri - 2015 State Health Profile, reported rates of chlamydia among women were higher than those among men. The health profile also found that among women by age groups 20-24 had the highest number in cases for both Chlamydia and Gonorrhea. The statistics indicate that college students, especially female contributed greatly to the large number of STIs’ cases in Missouri (Missouri - 2015 State Health Profile, 2015).

The graphic presentation will display a historical data inclusive of the varying limits to allow for the assessment of the process variation; it will either be in control, such as consistent, or out of control, such as inconsistent (Holly, 2014). Continuous data analysis will persist throughout the entirety of the program’s existence to display its positive effects among the adolescent population. The analyzed data will be compared to regional and national statistics to determine if there is a curve in data outcomes regarding unintended pregnancy and exposure to sexually transmitted infections among adolescents due to the program initiatives (Check) (Holly,