Justification Public Policy

After reading this article, the author gave readers a bunch of ideas about the public policy field. The author illustrated the definition of public policy clearly, explained specifically the broad field of public policy, and absolutely brought out reliable theories. It is a very useful chapter for the novice of public policy or public administration. By all means, this article provides multidimensional fashions to analyze or determine the

Deborah Stone compares the market and polis models of policy making with the intent to show that the original origin of the public policy discipline was to be grounded in a practical science, economics, but to also show how and why the economic approach to policy making has significant limitations. Stone is arguing against the view that policy decision making is rational decision making. Deborah Stone’s main reason for comparing the two models of policy making is to identify and critique the simplistic assumptions that have been used in the market and rationality project. Stone is attempting to point out the paradox that exists between the two because the two models are evidently contradictory, the market being ground in rationality and the polis being based on emotion. Stone compares the two policies in order to show that economics cannot be solely used to understand policy making because the two are fundamentally different. She also points out that policy is made in a political society and because of this the polis model seeks to explain public policy as it actually happens in reality since the field and study of public policy was created to allow government to make decisions that would best benefit their citizens.

There are numerous ways in which underperforming governmental institutions fail their citizenry. Institutions can fail in regards to education, economics, the military/police, religion, the social sphere, and through institutional

Government failure happens when policies veer away from traditional institutional norms, electoral mandates, and industrial market forces. According to the public choice theory, public policy outcomes often conflict with public opinion, public awareness, and the economic forces of markets. Eg: Crowding out – government spending encroaches on private sectors.

Public goods are one of the main types of market failures that the government often has the ability to solve. Public goods such as medical, education, and employments can be seen as market failures. An example of a public good would the post office. The government controls the majority of shipping and package delivery but also the ability to solve the problem of lost budgets annually and the increasing rates of shipping. The post office is a necessity and is failing based on the lost revenue every year. The post office is also losing its labor supply based on the loss income and profit. The government can allow for the post office to become publicly run where a profit can be made and allow for an oligopoly to keep prices low with removed competition. The government has the option of stepping out of the market and allowing it to grow within a free market system.

Marijuana legalization has been a controversial topic requiring a public policy solution in the political realm. There have been various arguments made for and against the legalization of marijuana. There are several states that have legalized marijuana use for medicinal purposes while others have let their guards down completely allowing citizens to use it not only medicinally, but recreationally as well. While the use of marijuana is still illegal at the federal level, there is much discussion by other states regarding policies to support marijuana legalization and many policy makers proactively planning for the possibility

Public policy change. In order for changes in response and recovery to industrial surprises to occur, Mitchell (1996) outlines three components that must be in place: awareness, information, and action. Awareness is necessary to spur change, however public interest is often short lived and therefore not conducive to resolving long term effects (Mitchell, 1996). Other forms of awareness that focus on long term effects should be in place. For instance new scientific findings and research can be communicated. Also, victims may seek restitution for tragedies that have occurred in the past, often bringing the topic into public view once again. Monuments, museums, conferences, and other forms of commemorative remembrances also promote awareness.

Living in Florida we reside so close to the ocean and other big bodies of water. The water is a way of enjoyment and can improve lives greatly. That is, unless it's polluted. Therefore, by taking care of our beloved water we would be improving not only our lives but wildlife and plant's lives extraordinarily. So Public Policy 403.021 hopes “that control, regulation and abatement of the activities which are causing or may cause pollution of the air or water resources.... be increased to ensure conservation of natural resources” so our environment can benefit (Statues 1). The code requires industries to “encourage” the installment of new machinery that could help the quality of the air and water. Thus, decreasing the outraging amount of pollution

In the last two decades, there have been countless debates on the need to reform the United States of American health care system. The reform is to enable a more comprehensive system that will address pressing issues such as the growing number of uninsured American. The USA is one of the leading countries when in to healthcare and its systems. It is also the country with the most spending when it comes to healthcare. According to an article published in the commonwealth fund, the United States health care system is found to be the most expensive in the world, but it also shows the U.S. underperforms relative to other countries on most dimensions of performance (Davis, Stremikis, Squires, & Schoen, 2014).

3. The government can sometimes improve market outcomes- the government has to do something to promote efficiency and equity in eliminating problems that are unresolved or cause by market failure.

A public policy is defined as an important course of action, which is designed to resolve some of the most compelling issues that American citizens are currently facing, or have faced in the past (Uhistory.com, 2014). Most public policies revolve around the spectrum of laws that were implemented by individuals that are not legislators (Uhistory.com, 2014). Anyone including members of the government can be penalized for not abiding to the rules of a public policy (Uhistory.com, 2014). However, the process associated with a public policy infringement, can be often times predicted (Uhistory.com, 2014).

Moore, Turcotte, Winter and Walp, of the University of Calgary’s School of Public Policy, recently undertook a series of surveys of Canadian residents to establish baseline energy literacy levels in the general population and within the business and policy leader and Aboriginal-Canadian populations (Moore, Turcotte, & Winter, 2012; 2014, Moore, Turcotte, Winter & Walp, 2013). For the purposes of their study they defined energy literacy as “a term that reflects a composite of consumer’s values and knowledge regarding the energy system that supports daily activity in the home, commerce and industry” (Moore, Turcotte, Winter & Walp, 2013, p. 1). Their findings suggest Canadians have a good general knowledge of energy use and relative cost; however they also show that they’re deficient in their knowledge of energy fuels, sources, and the relationship these have to environmental impacts (Moore, Turcotte & Winter 2012). Interestingly, this knowledge deficiency was not only prevalent in the general population, but also within the ranks of our business and policy leaders, the very individuals influencing and deciding on energy policy issues (Moore, Turcotte & Winter & Walp, 2013). A 2015 energy literacy survey conducted by Alberta Oil magazine has reinforced concerns about low energy literacy levels. This survey indicated that only 31.1 % of respondents consider themselves well informed about energy. However, the same survey also found that less than 28.6 % of respondents correctly

When making public policy decisions, policy makers must face a world with imperfect information and a finite amount of resources. Both of these realities put limitations on how effectively a policymaker can make people’s lives better off. Obviously, it is impossible for anyone to perfectly predict how a certain policy will play out when it is enacted. This includes policymakers, who despite their noble goals of increasing the well-being of society, can only make an educated guess about the effects a policy will have. Factors such as the fickleness of human nature or hidden information creates uncertainties that are hard to address when making policy. For example, in 1929 the causes of the Great Depression were not fully understood, but

Regulations imposed by the government in any economy determine the market efficiency and growth. Policies and laws governing the flow of goods and out flow determined the internal trade affairs. When the government formulates policies and regulations, which is the market conducive, efficiency is enhanced. In such instances, the outcomes of the market yields can be predicted. Such ability of the policies and regulations to enhance efficiency in the markets can be enabling the government to have prior arrangements and plans concerning future economic goals. On the other hand, as the governing body there is a need to establish the effectiveness of the current policies in enhancing marketing efficiency. However, there is a need to establish the criteria for determining the correctness and effectiveness of the regulations which are to be set. Governing body should intervene in the control of the market regulations though independent bodies and private sectors should be involved in such regulations formulations. Many economies, such the United states and United Kingdom, the government has the power to intervene in the market policies. When the market fails in such instances, the government is blamed for the failure. The modern economies advocates for more freedom of choice in the formulation of regulations of the markets. Others concentrate on the efficiency of the policies and regulations in the achievement of the market goals.

The positive side describes the activities of the public sector, explains the reasons of the programs in existence and also analyses the consequences of government policies