John Marshall Supreme Court

The overall influence of the Supreme Court under John Marshall can be understood through the five main court cases over which he presided; Marbury v. Madison (1803), Fletcher v. Peck (1810), Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819), McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824). The first significant case Marshall was faced with was Marbury v. Madison in 1803. In the last few days of his presidency, John Adams appointed members of the Federalist Party to the new offices he created within the judicial branch. When Thomas Jefferson took office he told James Madison, his secretary of state, not to deliver the unsent commissions to some of the “midnight appointments”, one of who was William Marbury. He appealed to the Supreme Court, asking for a court order that would require Madison to send out the commission, which was part of his job. The Judiciary Act of 1789 supported Marbury’s demands because it authorized the Supreme Court to order

However, the state of Maryland tried to block the activity of the national bank by imposing tax to all the notes that were issued. The branch manager of the bank in Baltimore refused to pay taxes and lawsuits were filed in the Maryland Court. However, the case was brought up to the U.S Supreme Court as the Constitution did not subjectively describe that Federal Government had the authority to establish a bank. The U.S Supreme Court led by Chief Justice John Marshall ruled out the case that acknowledges that the Congress has the rights to establish a national bank under Article 1 Section 8 in the American Constitution. This shows that the US Constitution was vaguely described and gave the Congress an insight to pass laws as long as it is within the Constitution. However, this gave the Federal Government to create the mentality to indirectly gain more power which restricts the States sovereignty.

In Marbury v. Madison, he led the Court in striking down an act of Congress that was in conflict with the Constitution, legitimizing the doctrine of judicial review. Over the course of his thirty-four year term, Marshall oversaw numerous landmark cases, his decisions in which played an undeniably critical role in the early development of American law. Thanks to his firm hand and consistent principles, he was able to secure the institutional power of the Supreme Court in the face of staunch Jeffersonian opposition—affirming its place as an equal among the Executive and Legislative branches of government.

The establishment of one of the most influential powers of the Supreme Court--the power of judicial review-- and the development of the judicial branch can be attributed to Marshall’s insightful interpretation of the Constitution ("The Marshall Court”).

Maryland; this was a case that declared that it was unconstitutional for the state government to tax the bank of the United States. James McCulloch had refused to pay the state tax. In his perspective, he believed that the states didn’t have the power to tax the national bank. However, Maryland argued that they had the ability to tax any business within their state. This brought into question if the establishment of the National bank was constitutional in the first place. In this law case, the Supreme Court made the final decisions that Congress has the power to create a national bank, and they also declared that Maryland could not tax the national government. The declaration proposed by the Court helped the federal government gained more

If Marshall’s actions were iconic, then after the Marbury v. Madison case, he would have been credited with the creation of judicial review. In reality, Marshall’s decision of allowing the courts to review the decisions of the legislative and executive branches was seen “as only a step in the continuous clarification of the theory of judicial function”(Clinton 117). So this supposed creator of a pivotal Judicial component was only seen as a stepping stone. Through the remainder of Marshall’s career as Chief Justice, no one revisited his thoughts on the Marbury v. Madison case, until his successor, Roger Taney, did in Dred Scott v. Sanford. Roger Taney seemed to have the same viewpoints as Marshall, always trying to keep the checks and balances intact and equal. He kept this dedication through the Dred Scott v. Sandford case, using judicial review to rule the Missouri Compromise of 1820 unconstitutional. Strangely, “Marbury’s importance as a precedent for judicial review of legislation was never mentioned by the Court”(Clinton 119). If Marbury v. Madison was such a pivotal case, then it would

On February 24, 1803 Chief Justice John Marshall and the rest of the Supreme Court decided on the seemingly insignificant case of Marbury v. Madison. While ruling the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional, Judicial Review was established. Granting the Supreme Court the power to rule acts of the Legislative and/or Executive Branch of government unconstitutional, hence serving as a landmark case that further legitimatized the Judicial Branch as a separate, but balanced branch of government. Marbury v. Madison has been used as a very important precedent throughout our history with 165 acts of Congress deemed unconstitutional as of 2010.

John Marshall was the fourth Supreme Court Justice of the United States. Born in 1755 and assuming his position in 1801, Marshall made more than 1,000 cases during his 34-year tenure. Marshall’s ideas about balance of power between states and the federal government, the power of the Supreme Court, and the power of the Constitution, have influenced history significantly and still reflect American law today (A&E Television Networks).

Chief Justice John Marshall ushered in very important changes to the power structure in the federal government. As a federalist, Marshall believed having a strong federal government would provide the nation with the proper organization to withstand the many obstacles the future may hold. With Marshalls Court introducing the concept of judicial review, it permanently anchored Marshall’s federalist ideals to the federal government. Marshall’s decision in Marbury v. Madison and the establishment of judicial review were hallmark accomplishments strengthening the Marshall Court and expanding its’ federalist views even into the current federal system.

McCulloch refused to pay the tax the state of Maryland put on the Federal Bank. The Supreme Court ruled that Maryland did not have the power to tax the Federal Bank. Due to the Supremacy clause, the Constitution is the supreme law of the land, states can not create laws affecting federal laws. The ruling of the Supreme Court was in favour of the national government and led to expanding federal powers. The Constitution allows the national government to run a bank It doesn't say so directly in it, yet the court said it was an implied power.The outcome of McCulloch v. Maryland provides a more cooperative view of federalism, where the national government has broad implied powers that can prevail over the

Not delivering all the commissions on time made Marbury angry and frustrated. This led to legal actions of filing a petition for a writ of mandamus. This meant he was an inferior government official demanding the government official to properly fulfill their official duties. The court declared unanimously that a “certain law passed by congress should not be enforced because the law was opposed to the constitution” and judicial review comes into play. Judicial review is an act of Congress to declare the constitutionality of a Supreme Court case .The basis of the exercise of judicial review meant alot for the United States and how significant it is in history. Marshall provided judges a federal judiciary that could fight equally against the other two branches of government.In Marbury v. Madison (1803) worksheet Chief Justice John Marshall states “ to withhold his commision, therefore is an act deemed by the court not warranted by law, but violate of a vested legal

Maryland. In McCulloch V. Maryland, Maryland wanted to tax bank notes, which could damage a branch of the National Bank. The case questioned whether a state could oppose the National Bank, and the Court decided that the state must follow the Federal Government, and the state could not tax a National Bank. This decision proved that the power involved with the Federal Government was absolute, the Federal Government was able to overrule any decision, and this expanded their power even at the expense of the

To resolve the case, Chief Justice Marshall had only three questions. If these questions were answered, that would influence his decision his Marbury has been denied his rights. His first question was if Marbury had the right to petition the writ to the Supreme Court. Under the Constitution of the United States, John Adams appointed Marbury corresponding within the laws set by the supreme law of the land. As a result, William Marbury had every right to petition a writ. Marshall’s second question was if the Supreme court had the power to grant Marbury a writ. The answer to this is due to the fact that Marbury had appointed under the process of law, therefore having a legal right to his commision given to him by John Adams.

Being the longest serving Chief Justice in Supreme Court History, John Marshall had plenty of opportunity to be influential. Out of all of his court cases, I believe that Marbury v Madison was his most important court case. This court case has always been one that was taught to us since we were in high school, along with more, but out of the ones talked about in the Modules. This is one that I am most familiar with and believe it is most important. This court case is a landmark court case and it established judicial review. This is important because it makes sure that whatever is decided does not go against the US Constitution.

The Supreme Court, under John Marshall, defined itself with its historic 1803 decision in the case of Marbury v. Madison. In this single landmark case, the Supreme Court established its power to interpret the U.S. Constitution and to determine the constitutionality of laws passed by congress and the state legislatures. John Marshall went on to serve as Chief Justice for a record 34 years, along with several Associate Justices who served for well over 20 years. During his time on the bench, Marshall succeeded in molding the federal judicial system into what many, as I do, consider to be today's most powerful branch of government.