Essay on Jessica Shawcross Week 3 Lab

Please answer these questions then place them in the drop box for this lab. Use Microsoft word if possible.

Mid-Atlantic Ridge F. Plate motion Motion across the mid-Atlantic ridge: the South American plate vs. the

The gravitational stress on the volcano flanks develops large-scale on-shore and off-shore sliding, related to the activity of the rift zones. The M=7.2 earthquake at Kilauea on 1975 was probably related to strain accumulated throughout the south flank from dikes intruded in the rift zone (Swanson et al., 1976). However, the earthquake itself resulted from abrupt southward movement of the south flank across the underlying oceanic crust, activating the Hilina-Pali fault system. Such faulting not only provides a means for the flanks to adjust continuously to intrusions, but also generates the stress patterns needed to constrain future dikes to propagate along the rift axis. Therefore, rift intrusion and lateral spreading are major contributors

The volcanoes are located where there is a divergence or convergence in the tectonic plates and bring their lava from the deepest of the terrestrial mantle. The materials and explosions of these ginates represent a constant risk in the places inhabited by the human being, nevertheless the people ususually live in these areas no matter the risk. On the other hand the volcanos can change the geology of an impressive form, or to cool the temperature of the earth, or to darken the sky. The scientific community increases its efforts to try to understand better what happens in volcanoes, however it is impossible to predict these conditions.

The new volcanic material welling up into the void, which forms a ribbon of new materials and breaks down its center gradually, when the plates move apart from the axis of the mid-oceanic ridge system. Therefore, every separating plate accretes one half a ribbon of new lithosphere, and, thus, a new surface is added (Pitman, W.C, 2007). The process is continuous, and separation is always happening at the

The Island of Hawaii sits on (almost in the middle of) the Pacific Plate. The Pacific Plate is a giant jigsaw piece of the Earth’s crust that is slowly moving in a northwesterly direction. It moves about four inches a year. There is a basically stationary hot spot deep within the Earth’s mantle. Heat from this hot spot makes molten lava and rock (magma) that rises through the Pacific Plate and erupts continuously on the ocean floor. After thousands of eruptions and over many many years, an island forms a rocky

The youngest oceanic crust is located along the mid-ocean ridges where new crust is formed when the old crust is pushed away from mid – ocean ridges as a result of the seafloor spreading.

This valley, future home of a ski resort and other activities, has a history of its own. It is divided into three major areas: The Poplar Region, The Bud Site, and the Gasville, areas which descend from North to South respectively. It is assumed that climatological conditions are similar to those found in the same area thousands of years ago, with some minor changes in temperature that may have increased due to the Green house effect and global warming.

The next section of the book is all about the formation of volcanoes, types of volcanoes,

The Earth’s outer crust is made up many tectonic plates that move over the surface of the planet. When the plates come collide, volcanoes will form sometime (National Ocean Service). Volcanoes can also form in the middle of a plate, where magma rises upward until it erupts on the sea floor, at what is called a “hot spot” (National Ocean Service). A hot spot is a plume of magma or molten rock that rises from within the Earth then reaches the surface forming underwater volcanoes which may grow tall enough to

the Atlantic Ridge began to open and the separation of Pangaea was underway. By the

Wegner suggested that the continental shelves of the continents seemed to fit together similar to a puzzle. According Bugielski  (1999),  "continents in the southern hemisphere exhibit an

Further explain when hot spots are formed, they remain constant as the plate moves over it and results in the formation of volcanoes. Describe to the learners that as the plate moves over a hot spot, a trail of volcanoes is left behind. The older volcanoes move, new volcanoes will form over the hot spot. Provide the most well known example of hot spot volcanism, the Hawaiian Islands. Now play the video “Hawaii’s Hotspot”. Further discuss that the Hawaiian Islands have been forming for millions of years, and that the oldest islands in the Hawaiian Island chain are now dead volcanoes. Be sure to note that the biggest island is also the newest island, with two active volcanoes. Instruct the learners that these new volcanoes are being fed by the same hot spot that created the older dead ones, and eventually the big island will also become dormant as the plate moves away forming a new island fed by the same hot spot.

Welcome to one of the planets most obscure but important features, known rather prosaically as the mid ocean ridges. In 1973 a group of oceanographers discovered this ridge of mountains on the ocean’s floor. Since then, they have been more closely exploring the ridges and studying how they move and exactly what they are. They have come to discover, that the “ridges feature long rift valleys and, down their middles, giant fields of gushing, hot springs that shed tons of minerals into icy sea water at the bottom of the sea,” which over time has come to create these huge mid-ocean ridges where many animals like to live, cause its some warm.” A main question is to what extent the volcanism changes over time. The old idea was that the eruptions

However, Wegener believed that only the continents were moving and they plowed through the rocks of the ocean basins. (Colliers Encyclopedia, 1996) Harold Jeffreys then argued that it is impossible for continents to break through solid rock without breaking apart. (USGS, 2012) Wegener also claimed that the centrifugal force of the spinning planet had forced the continents sideways, parallel to the equator; tidal pull from the sun and moon had caused lateral movement. (Sant, Joseph, 2012) His orders of magnitude were too weak. Thus, his theory was dismissed. (Lois Van Wagner, 2013)