Japan is seen by many in the West as a mysterious, homogenous culture where traditional values and a long history stretch from time immemorial into practices today. What is especially problematic with this view (beyond issues of the essentialization of Japanese culture) is that many Japanese people hold this same belief (Stanlaw 2004; Block and Cameron 2002). Nihonjinron, or theories of Japanese people for Japanese people is a popular literature genre that advocates for the uniqueness of “Japaneseness”(Stanlaw 2004). However, in a country that now more than ever is being influenced by globalization, a process in which “social, economic, political, cultural, and demographic” changes that take place within nations cannot be understood without looking at the relations worldwide (Kearney 1995:547; Block and Cameron 2002), the homogeneity of Japanese culture is being challenged (dubbed by some as the “crumbling of the monolith” (Noguchi and Fotos 2001)). Of particular importance is the role of language in these processes. Language is an interdependent and inherent part of social life (Schieffelin and Ochs 1986), “our very sense of who we are, where we belong and why, and how we relate to those around us” (Llamas and Watt 2010: 1), “a definition of human beings in the world,” (Woolard and Schieffelin 1994:56) and interpretations go on. What all of these have in common is that social reality is inseparable from language. As such, language socialization, language ideologies, and
Ukiyo-e and its Effects on Japanese and Western Culture Art is a very important aspect to Japanese culture. It is a visual expression of Japanese culture and history. Japanese art covers many subjects such as landscapes, historical and fictional stories, people, and architecture. Throughout Japanese history, one of the most popular genres of Japanese art were the Ukiyo-e, wood block prints.
Currently, Japan is known for having a very distinct culture, cultivated due to their isolation as an island nation. However, while Japanese civilization is a highly distinctive society, it also has strong ties to Chinese culture. In fact, as early as the first century A.D., the people of Japan were sending missions to China; they established a trade and tribute based relationship. This initial relationship gave way to the later Chinese influence that would shape Japan. From these encounters, and maybe even from before, the Japanese developed a writing system similar to Chinese. In fact, according to Vogler, the earliest known examples of Japanese writing are proper names inscribed in Chinese characters. Nevertheless, Chinese influence didn’t just stop with language; it extended to art, literature, and even government. Eventually, these influences from China, often referred to as the ‘Sinification’ of Japan, would give rise to the newly civilized Japanese nation. Especially during the T’ang dynasty of China, “Both Korea and Japan were profoundly influenced by China and underwent broad centralizing reforms on the Chinese model” (Varley 19). Indeed, through religion, bureaucracy, and the arts, Chinese culture began to permeate Japanese civilization throughout the seventh and eighth centuries A.D.
Often in America, the public is educated about the victories of the nation, such as in World War II (WWII); however, they are unaware of the after effects it imposed onto other parties (enemy nations). Specifically, Japanese people lost their defenses, and the lifestyles of the citizens were significantly modified. Moreover, Japan was part of the Axis powers during the war and gained worldwide attention when the island attacked Pearl Harbor, a United States Naval base. This event caused the Americans to join the battle and eventually overwhelm the Japanese and forcing a surrender in 1945. Post WWII, Japan’s failure in the war was responsible for a cultural change in the country that is still present in modern day, which led to reform in family dynamics, mentality adjustments, and perceptional alteration of women. Also, whether young or old, all were exposed to this change, and those that lived in family styled households together, were the first to experience their relationships shift.
Many Asian Americans were painted as evil villains or downright dangerous in the early 20th century (1900-1940s). Often they were stereotyped as "inscrutable" and often speaking in the broken English. During early 1900's, there were abudance of vicious images of Japanese being shown as forward and buck-toothed popped up in the media. The infamous journalist, Wallace Irwin, made mockery out of Japanese by publishing "Letters of a Japanese Schoolboy". He produced various of anti-Japanese stereotypes such as switching letters "L" with "R" and continuing mocking them with broken English speech "Engrish". The White leaders spoke against the Japanese Americans regarding their alleged immorality, even they liken them to the ape-like imagery just like
Yasumasa Morimura was born in Osaka, Japan 1951; before the end of the American Occupation and during the Korean War. It was at this time in Japan that society had become increasingly modernized and influenced by western culture. Subsequently, the foreign influence of Japan’s culture affected their culture, politics and education. With a westernized curriculum, much of the education focused on occident values, ideas, and art. Despite Japan’s rich history, much of the art history that was taught had originated from western culture.
People no longer use the term “Japanese American” in today's society. Instead, they are no longer thought as a separate group and are incorrectly categorized as “Asian American”, along with Vietnamese American, Chinese American, etc. Japanese Americans have an extremely unique background in terms of their origins, history, and struggle with racialization. Like many ethnic groups, Japanese Americans have been subjected to many different portrayals throughout American history. Even though cultural separation and suspicion are deemed as immoral, such practices toward them were thought to be necessary by the American Government. For a good amount of time, they suffered from racial hostility and violence. Now, in an age where cultural diversity
Japanese people are very unique to people who are not from Japan. They think the Japanese people are unusual because they totally separate Japanese people and others. Japanese people have strong racial consciousness because of their national background. Japan is an island country, and people are usually speaking one language. Also, social structure and customs are very difficult to understand to foreigners. In addition, Japan is one race country, so Japanese people are no hesitation to separate Japanese people or foreigners. Japanese people’s reactions are different when they see foreigners. However, Japanese people also separate to them. Even though Japanese people have same citizenship, they separate some Japanese. Some Japanese people treat
In American culture the word, conformity, seems to have a negative connotation, but in countries like Japan, conformity seems to be a way of life. Why are the Japanese so willing to conform? Why are they so willing to be just like everyone else? The following will summarize a short video about Japanese conformity, as well as provide my own analysis of the video, and my own views on Japanese conformity.
Everything changed during the Meiji period, because Meiji implemented the strongest aspects of other powerful countries into their own society. One of the changes was a change of their culture. Other things that changed included, their values and beliefs about culture, their social system and political and economic systems. Another change was Religion. Their government wanted to replace Shintoism in the public schools, as a replacement of Buddhism and Confucianism. The government believed that doing this would bring the people of Japan together. However this did not happen because the people refused to give up their original religion, that they have always practiced and were taught to practice, for a new one. In the end the government decided to keep Buddhism and Confucianism as a religion.
Introduction-In chapter 20 you will explore how Japan’s neighbors influenced Japanese culture from the sixth to the ninth centuries C.E. Many cultural ideas traveled to Japan by way of the korean peninsula. Some of these ideas had originally come from China and India. Japan learned about confucianism from a Chinese scholar who came to Japan from a Korean Kingdom.
A Genealogy of ‘Japanese’ Self-Images written by Dr. Eiji Oguma, a Japanese historical sociologist, in 1995, was the first book to thoroughly break down the assumption that Japanese perceived themselves to be an ethnically homogeneous nation-state during the Meiji period and during World War 2 (WW2). Prior to the publication of this book, there was a generally accepted narrative among liberal scholars that the pre-war Japanese Empire and its people believed in the myth of homogeneity, which was supposedly the source of their colonialism, discrimination against Koreans and Chinese and their military aggression in WW2. According to Oguma’s extensive analysis of government policies, academic debates and news articles from the Meiji to post-WW2 periods, he convincingly argues that the dominant narrative regarding Japanese self-identity during the pre-war era was that Japanese considered themselves to be
Throughout “Hiroshima” by John Heresy, the readers are gradually exposed to Japanese culture through each of the six survivors, regardless of the survivors' nationality, as they stitch their lives back together after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima on August 9, 1945. Japanese-style hospitals are quite different in comparison to other hospitals, gradually reforming through the book. As a Japanese, you were happy to die for your Emperor and country as shown in Tanimoto's letter to an American and in the survivors. Japanese had a resistance toward foreigners due to the war, however, after the bombing, the Japanese accepted those they rejected. Through these Japanese customs, the audience gains further understanding of the influence the
My assign project is in the country of Korea. Korea has had an enormous amount of influence on Japanese culture. It all originated in the Korean Peninsula where Korea was ruled by Japan. Japanese Empire annex the Korean Empire in 1910 for over thirty-five years. Since, the ruling Korea has influenced Japanese’s culture, art, philosophy, and history. During the thirty-five years of ruling Japan surrender and the United Nations ordered to split Korea at the 38th parallel. The Soviet Union controlled north while the United States controlled the South. This country will be very prominent to learn because it will be interesting to learn it’s history, religion, culture, food, and environmental factors.
These works have men as the predominant basis of these hypothesis. The literature both empirical and theoretical, inclusive of experiences of a woman in midlife is rather scarce. Some studies also report it to be a culture based perception, being more evident in the west and not so significant in the Indian and the Japanese culture.4Feminist psychology has often been critical of such works and the historical perspective of psychological schools of thought centered on the male perspective, keeping the male gender as the norm5, thus it focuses on incorporating the gender and the manner in which it has an influence on the existing issues. Gender is beyond the anatomical segregation and extends to the way a person identifies with one’s gender and the influence of societal structures on the role of a gender and also the hierarchy with which are associated certain stereotypical behaviours. As these roles differ for the genders, the pressures and psychological impacts are significantly different for men and women.
The culture of a place is an integral part of its society whether that place is a remote Indian village in Brazil or a highly industrialized city in Western Europe. The culture of Japan fascinates people in the United States because, at first glance, it seems so different. Everything that characterizes the United States--newness, racial heterogeneity, vast territory, informality, and an ethic of individualism-- is absent in Japan. There, one finds an ancient and homogeneous society, an ethic that emphasizes the importance of groups, and a tradition of formal behavior governing every aspect of daily living, from drinking tea to saying hello. On the surface at least, U.S. and Japanese