Biology Lab Report
BY:
Michael Ryan Pranata 11C |
Background: As heat is a form of thermal energy, they tend to have the behavior of reaching a thermal equilibrium. This means that when two bodies of different temperatures come in contact with each other, the hotter ones will transfer heat particles to the body with a colder temperature, with an aim to reach this “thermal equilibrium”, whatever the temperature may be. The larger the surface area, means there can be more “paths” from the sides of the body that are capable of releasing this heat particles, and reaching thermal equilibrium faster. This is what happens when a hotter body is subjected to a colder one.
Research Question:
How does the surface area to volume ratio
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We observe the temperature of the four different flasks starting from the equal initial temperatures, every ten seconds for one samples all the way to three minutes. From the data observed, the average rate of heat loss can be derived. This is done by taking the initial and final temperature and dividing them by the number of seconds (18x as the total number of seconds is 180 and interval of 10 secs).
Controlled: Initial temperature, type of insulation, type of flasks, room temperature, time.
1. We’ve decided 77⁰C as our initial temperature for every trial. We’ve kept the initial temperature equal for each trial as this would give us fair and reliable results. If the initial temperatures were kept different, therefore the data provided will be somewhat unreliable. This is also because as the temperatures are higher, the rate of heat loss would be faster, as compared to when the initial temperatures are lower. This would again support the unreliability of the data we would observe.
2. The type of insulation that we’ve chosen is the cotton, approximately with the same thickness for each flask. They will be changed for every trial, because for each trial, as the heat escapes from the sides of the flask in the form of water vapor, it comes in contact with the cotton, thus making it moist, and changes the capacity of the cotton to insulate. We have decided to
Firstly the main apparatus was set up (a retort stand with a bosshead and clamp attached)
In this lab, there are two days. In the first day, there are is part A and part B. Part A is further divided into three experiments. In experiment one, we were to figure out the heat capacity of the calorimeter that we made. The next two experiment’s goal was to calculate the enthalpy of 2 reactions and using hess’s law, figure out the heat of formation of magnesium oxide. In a reaction, there are
One possible source of error that can affect the results was that a mercury thermometer was used instead of an electronic one. The use of a mercury
14. The experiment was repeated with each water temperature until all tests had been conclusively completed.
2. How did concentration and/or volume differences affect the heat change (q) for each trial?
Again with the same temperatures of one degree, eleven degrees, twenty degrees, thirty degrees, and forty degrees. All the temperatures are in Celsius. The one degree C time is at 24.59 seconds, only two seconds off from the first trial. The eleven degrees C time has 20.39 seconds. At twenty degrees C, the data showed the time was 15.54 seconds. Thirty degrees C had the lowest time of the thirty degrees group, at 8.97. The last temperature was forty degrees C with the lowest time at 7.28 (See appendix two). All the data for trial two supports the hypothesis for this
Abstract: This experiment introduced the student to lab techniques and measurements. It started with measuring length. An example of this would be the length of a nickel, which is 2cm. The next part of the experiment was measuring temperature. I found that water boils around 95ºC at 6600ft. Ice also has a significant effect on the temperature of water from the tap. Ice dropped the temperature about 15ºC. Volumetric measurements were the basis of the 3rd part of the experiment. It was displayed during this experiment that a pipet holds about 4mL and that there are approximately 27 drops/mL from a short stem pipet. Part 4 introduced the student to measuring
2. Some of the outside variables that could have affected our outcomes for the experiment are the ambient temperature and how quickly the groups took the hot dogs out of the ice water to measure their temperatures. The ambient temperature was 28 degrees Celsius, the coldest temperatures of the hot dogs ranged from 35 to 37 degrees Celsius, so for the groups that measured their hot dogs’ temperature quicker, they gave their hot dogs a head start in the warming process. For groups that were not as quick with their measurements, their hot dogs starting warming up at a later time, so by the time the experiment was over, their temperatures would have been lower than the groups that measured quickly. We did not control these outside variables because we did not increase or decrease the room temperature by turning on the AC.
B. The two mechanisms the body uses to heat itself include: blood vessels in the skin that constrict reducing heat loss and the muscles begin to shiver, generating heat.
4. Remelt the contents of the tube and add the counterpart component based on the given schedule. Ask the demonstrator to adjust the cooling water between mixtures. During the experiment, record and plot the data obtained for all mixtures listed. The experiments are stopped as follows:
_An experiment on the effect of surface area to volume ratio on the rate of osmosis of Solanum tuberosum L._
Even though the result of an experiment is accurate and matches the literature value, it does not mean that there were no mistakes made. As the difference of the percentage uncertainty and the percentage error suggests there were random errors made. First of them was the heat energy lost to the surrounding environment during the experiment process taking place. This caused the recorded highest temperature to be smaller than the actual highest temperature that was meant to reach. This could have been prevented by adding in more and perfect
b) An empty beaker was weighted. Then, water was filled in the beaker. The temperature was recorded at uniform intervals.
We will be using 6 different fuels to heat up 100ml of water, and find out the changes of the temperature. We will measure the temperatures of the water before and after the experiment. We will burn heat the water for exactly 2 minutes, and check the changes in temperature. The change in temperature will allow us to work out the energy given off the fuel by using this formula:
To achieve this, the final value from each thermocouple was set to be equal to the warm water bath temperature (370C), and the initial reading was set equal to the ice water bath temperature. Thus, for each thermocouple an equation was obtained using the two points to convert voltage readings to temperature. An example of the calibration for one of the thermocouples is shown in Appendix II.