Chivalry: The Code Itself and its Antecedents
(An analysis of the Code of Chivalry and its antecedents using the Arthur stories, the Greek triad, Beowulf, and Song of Roland.)
“Chivalry is essentially a martial ideal, a code of values that glorified military prowess as the supreme achievement of the virtuous knight.” (Mellen) The code of chivalry is a basic code that all of the most virtuous knights. The code is basically the rules of behavior that a noble knight must abide by. The code says a knight must have courage, honor, loyalty, consideration for others/manners, and respect of the law. Chivalry was incredibly influenced by Christianity and the moral codes that they set for themselves. The code is also influenced by Plato’s Republic,
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The two epics show very little of the idea of a chivalric code. The two epic heroes show no respect for the other gender, which is one of the major parts of the code. “The girl – I won’t give up the girl. Long before that, old age will overtake her in my house, in Argos, far from her fatherland, slaving back and forth at the loom, forced to share my bed.” (Pg. 78) These two heroes show an utter disrespect to women as they often force women into their beds and rape them. The heroes do seem to make a change for the best throughout their journeys though. “Homer’s epic poem may be interpreted as a voyage of deepening self-knowledge, in which the hero’s homeward journey involves a growing understanding of the whole of human experience and the rejection of ways of life that fail to recognize, and recollectively to internalize, essential elements of that experience.” (Howland) As the heroes go through their many trials and learn all about the ways they can be better men and better epic heroes. This growth allows them to be examples of other aspects of the chivalric code, though they don’t exemplify those traits through the whole
In two stories there is a code that knights follow. Chivalry is the code that they follow. The code says that a knight should be a brave warrior, a good christian, and selflessly fighting for justice. The knights are supposed to fight for their king and queen. In the stories Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and from Morte d’Arthur they show the idea about chivalry.
Beowulf is an Old English poem written somewhere between the eighth century and the tenth century; the culture of Germanic times is depicted through varying concepts of masculinity that not only describes their capability as a warrior, but also their aptitude as a leader. Beowulf shows of a demon named Grendel attacking Heorot, and the king, Hrothgar, calls Beowulf, a warrior, for help with the slaying of Grendel. Characteristics and qualities of leadership are directly linked to the masculinity of the characters within Beowulf. The leaders in the prologue are demonstrated with the aspects of masculinity through their strength and brutality. In Beowulf, a man demonstrates his essential worth through evidence of masculinity as seen in Unferth’s cowardice, Beowulf’s heroism, and Wiglaf’s bravery.
An epic hero displays bravery, courage, and strength. An epic hero also wants to achieve immortality through heroic actions. Beowulf can be categorized as a legendary epic hero. There are many things that prove Beowulf is an epic hero in the poem. He proves that he is an epic hero through his heroic actions that occur throughout the poem.
In the stories Morte d’Arthur and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the use of the code of chivalry is used on the knights Lancelot and Sir Gawain. In Morte d'Arthur, Lancelot breaks the code of chivalry because he is not honest when King Arthur
There are many misunderstandings with the word chivalry, one of them being that the knight never actually swore an oath of chivalry until later in the middle ages. Chivalry was a word that was created by French-speaking English nobility, during the medieval period. The word originates from the French word cheval meaning horse, and the French word Knecht meant knight, by putting the two words together, we get the word chevalier which meant horseman. During the early medieval ages, a knight was known as a chevalerie which meant horseman. Then the lords, who ruled over the
An act of chivalry is described as the qualifications or character of the ideal knight. Knights were expected to uphold this code of conduct. In the English literature Le Morte d?Arthur, French for ?The Death of Arthur?, by Sir Thomas Malory, the characters display acts of chivalry from beginning to end. Though the code of chivalry contains many qualities or acts, nevertheless bravery, loyalty, and courtly love are demonstrated more throughout this literature.
In Geoffrey Chaucer’s poem, The Knight’s Tale, the author encapsulates chivalrous characteristics in his telling of a battle for love. In its fundamental form, chivalry idealizes a knight’s conduct, both on and off the battlefield (Gregory-Abbott). Chaucer employs this “heroic code [of] bravery, loyalty, and service to one's lord” to illustrate the idillic knight throughout the narrative (Rossignol). Chaucer’s poem, The Knight’s Tale, exhibits the ideals of chivalry in the form of two knights, desperately in love with the same woman, and a wise Duke who embodies the voice of reason. Each knight upholds honor through compassion, troths, and heroism on the battlefield, despite their afflictions with each other.
In years of King Arthur and the round table, the knights lived by a code. This code was called the Code of Chivalry. Knights abided by these rules and were punished both physically but socially if they broke one. Today, this code can be translated into modern day unspoken rules.
The epic poem Beowulf comments on the unsustainability of chivalry, a social system based off building one’s own honor, strength, and reputation. Similarly, the engraving Knight, Death, and the Devil acts as a visual representation of the inherent flaws of chivalry as a social system. Beowulf, the protagonist of Beowulf, is written as the most powerful man in the world, capable of besting anyone in physical competence—the seeming embodiment of chivalry. This same definition of chivalry is depicted in Durer’s engraving: a lone knight in shining armor. Despite whether or not they were pushed into solitude, the protagonists of these two texts similarly show how chivalry can be undermined when its heroes are solitary figures who do not develop a network of allies. To defend this argument, I will first discuss why the two heroes have been pushed into solitude. Second, I will analyze the warnings given to each protagonist about their respective solitude. Third, I will explore the results following the neglect of the warning, and fourth, I will talk about how each hero’s misguided faith leads to the demise of chivalry. Lastly, I will introduce a counterclaim and analyze its strengths and weaknesses against the thesis.
The code of chivalry is an important plot element in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight that constructs ideal characteristics for the court of Camelot under King Arthur’s rule. This code also represents perfection, to which Camelot was described as being close to perfect. Even though never expressly stated within the work, other kinsmen related to Arthur outside Camelot share varying ethics within the code. Clearly The Knight’s code was more than a goal for perfection but also a blueprint for ideal morality.
The role of chivalry is a complicated concept for solitary heroes within Beowulf and Albrecht Dürer’s Knight, Death, and the Devil. In Beowulf, the concept of chivalry is explained through the eyes of the hero, Beowulf, which is the idea of performing chivalrous actions in the face of death for glory; however, Beowulf does not realize that his actions will not keep his people safe in the end. In Knight, Death and the Devil, the idea of chivalry is the motivation of the knight on religious grounds to be chivalrous in the face of death. The Knight gives the impression that he understood that his actions would ultimately be meaningless, and he appears resigned to the idea. The argument can be made that chivalry is unsustainable in both texts, given that while it inspires these heroes to pursue these tasks, the result is that they believe that mild sacrifices, such as their own life, must be made to ensure victory; however, these two texts differ with their heroes’ anticipated outcomes of their sacrifices, which turns out to be for nothing. Despite having different outcomes of operating within a system of chivalry, these two texts similarly critique the outcomes of chivalry as being unsustainable based on the demands it places on heroes to sacrifice themselves. To defend this claim, I will begin by similarly critiquing how chivalry is unsustainable within both texts. I will then express how both texts show the unsustainability results from the demands of sacrifice. I will then
Some say chivalry is dead , I don't think so. Chivalry is a code of conduct governing a knight's behavior. It's the combination of qualities expected of an ideal person, especially bravery, loyalty,and honor.
With no known author, Beowulf, originated in oral-tradition representing the Anglo-Saxon culture and lifestyle. It is a showcase work of “art”, serving as a purpose of moral instructions. Beowulf, shows a great demonstration on important Anglo-Saxon values. The main characters, Beowulf and Wiglaf, help portray the values of which the Anglo-Saxon hold among their culture. The poem, Beowulf exhibits three monumental values they uphold: bravery, honor, and loyalty.
At this point in history the men who fought the wars were lead by their leaders with a code of chivalry. Chivalry can be explained as “the Anglo-Saxon code on steroids.” (McGee) Which is, explained further, a moral system for a good way to conduct fighting. The knights in Arthurian time went even further with that code to say that it was a way to conduct oneself not only in battle, but at all times. Knights, by being chivalrous, were kind to all people, fought well and true, kept faith and believed in the Christian God, and fought for their kings. Chivalry can be found across the Arthurian texts, The Song of Roland is one of the texts that has multiple examples of chivalry.
The Code of Chivalry, though never truly being set in stone or truly documented, played a large role in shaping medieval society and literature. Though the basis of this code seems to be rooted more so in fantasy and fiction of the age, we need to take a glance and consider just how much sway the code held in the medieval era. The code of chivalry has its roots in feudalism, the common theme of the feudalistic era, as quoted by many a historian is the idea of “those who work, those who fight, and those who pray” as the main element of that era. The fighting class, or rather vassals and knights, developed a code of conduct that became the essence of good behavior or how one should act in respect to not only their lords, but everyone in society.