Affordable housing problem in Vancouver
Context
Vancouver is a major city in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The housing crisis has plagued its residents, governments, organisations, and the community as a whole. The issues faced by the city of Vancouver is not about having enough houses to accommodate residents, but primarily around affordability. Around twenty percent of Canadian renters face a housing crisis, spending more than half their income on shelter costs (McMahon, 2015). In 2010, different groups such as lone-parent households with children, couple parent households with children, senior-led households, and singles living alone spent 50-99% of their income on housing costs in Vancouver (City of Vancouver Housing Characteristics
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The interconnectedness of social problems often makes them difficult to solve, if one of the strings is pulled it impacts other related issues. For example, if the government decides to put a price cap on Vancouver housing, it may lead to wealthy people buying properties in Vancouver area, and not necessarily solving the problem of affordable housing. Wicked problems are embedded in the sphere of social sciences (J. Oncescu, lecture, November 21, 2017). For social change makers, it is imperative to understand the fundamentals of social issues and what makes them a wicked problem. This paper uses wicked theory as a lens to understand the social problem of affordable housing in Vancouver and discusses various characteristics which make it a wicked problem for the community.
Characteristics of wicked problem Symptom of another problem. Affordable housing is a symptom of unequal income levels. Penner (2017) stated that Metro Vancouver Regional District (MVRD), which includes Vancouver, has Canada’s third highest rate of income inequality. Unequal income levels affects purchasing power of the people who wish to buy, rent houses in Vancouver. Commodification of housing allows wealthy people to treat it as investment rather than shelter, fuels the
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Canada’s affordable housing policy has supported Canadians in homeownership since the 1950s (Canadian Electronic Library [CEL] & Canadian Housing and Renewal Association [CHRA], 2009). A series of social housing programs, subsidies were introduced and funded by government agencies. The responsibilities of the program was shared between distinct levels of government, federal, provincial, and municipal (CEL & CHRA, 2009). This collaboration was done at a nation-wide level to promote affordable housing among communities. According to CEL and CHRA (2009), the status of funds towards affordable housing became uncertain as agreements between governments were set to expire (p. 2). So the government agencies exhausted their resources while tackling the ever rising need for affordable
This perspective holds the view that the causes of homelessness lies outside of an individual’s control, and are often the result of a failure of public institutions. Structural causes are often those that affect the opportunities and the social environments for individuals, and as a result leads to a critical shortage of affordable housing, a lack of adequate income, and even discrimination (Gaetz, S., Donaldson, J., Richter, T., & Gulliver, T. 2013). For many, the lack of affordable housing - which is arguably the main contributor to immigrant homelessness in Toronto - may materialize from interwoven forms of discrimination and oppression based on an individual’s race, gender, social class, and even religion. Due to the low average household incomes of immigrants, the demand for affordable housing is further heightened. A study done in Toronto comparing homelessness and housing issues amongst women, revealed that compared to Canadian-born women, non-status migrant women had the most unstable pre-shelter housing, and stayed in shelters much longer compared to the other groups that were interviewed (Paradis, E., Novac, S., Sarty, M., & Hulchanski, J. D. 2010). This study supports the perspective that immigrant homelessness is the result of the failure of public institutions who are responsible for the policies which govern the
Housing in Toronto is at an all time high, through research found it has become apparent that there is a significant problem with affordable housing. Although finding affordable housing is not necessarily impossible, those who are lucky enough to find affordable accommodations end up with other issues that are beyond their control such as pests and property maintenance issues. Many families living in Toronto are considered middle class and could easily afford to live anywhere else, the rent prices are too steep in the city for them to afford. The city is growing at a healthy rate and there is already a significantly high homeless rate in the city. The purpose of this proposal is to introduce a few organizations that have plans to help this
b) Lack of supply- Along with the presence of higher demand in the housing market of the country already, the lack of supply of affordable housing in Canada has aggravated the crisis even more. Due to the presence of excess demand in the market, the quantities of housing, especially the private sector profit-maximizing ones have increased the price of their housing facilities, which in turn has contributed significantly to the already existing problems of homelessness in the country.
However, in order to eliminate homelessness as a crisis in Canada, these individual factors must be analyzed alongside the structural influences that lead to homelessness. According to the literature, structural risk factors that contribute to homelessness are: transitioning from an institutional placement into the community, social policies such as a lack of affordable housing and the dismantling of national housing strategy, transferring the responsibility from federal to provincial governments, and discrimination (Gaetz 2010, 22; Piat et al. 2015, 2368). By acknowledging these structural risk-factors as contributing alongside individual factors, a social ecological viewpoint proves effective in preventing homelessness (Piat et al., 2379). As the literature suggests, the “social ecological perspective provides a lens for understanding homelessness in Canada as a complex social issue that warrants a coordinated response across sectors, levels of government, and society” (Piat et al., 2380). By considering the issue of homelessness across all levels of society, we are better prepared to formulate a proper and effective solution towards the national
Structural factors, such as the availability of low-income housing exacerbate on the already burdening individual factors. The rise in homelessness is mostly due to the decrease in the number of low-cost housing units. Nowadays, families were struggling to consolidate their current situations because they are unable to afford the housing need (Thomas Betar, 2012). Inadequate of affordable housing is one of the contributors of homelessness (Ghee WY, Omar RNBR, 2015). A large number of low-income people have been forced to move. Nearly 6,000 people older people who are aged 60 or above in Victoria need to pay the rent of more than thirty percent of their salary (Ronaldson, 1999). The shortage of affordable and available housing straightforwardly harmonizes to levels of homelessness and inadequacy income and insufficient of
It is often easy to castigate large cities or third world countries as failures in the field of affordable housing, yet the crisis, like an invisible cancer, manifests itself in many forms, plaguing both urban and suburban areas. Reformers have wrestled passionately with the issue for centuries, revealing the severity of the situation in an attempt for change, while politicians have only responded with band aid solutions. Unfortunately, the housing crisis easily fades from our memory, replaced by visions of homeless vets, or starving children. Metropolis magazine explains that “…though billions of dollars are spent each year on housing and development programs worldwide, ? At least 1 billion people
What is known about the dearth of inexpensive living spaces in high-cost, heavy populated areas is its scarcity is a function of supply. Demand remains a non-issue for policy makers as demand has
Another major cause of homelessness in Edmonton addressed by the committee is the lack of affordable housing available. According to the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (2008) in 1999, the average two bedroom apartment rental rate was $650/month, by 2008 the amount for the same two bedroom apartment had risen to an average of $1,170/month – an increase of 80%. The rental increase, coupled with the historically low rental availability of about 1.5% correlated directly with the “drastic decrease in rental incentives” (Avison Young, 2010); the same rental incentives that generally gave a renter a break on damage deposit, first month’s rent or utility payments. So a major increase in rent saw many people losing their homes; a substantial decrease in availability added to people not being able to find new homes; and the almost complete absence of rental incentives blocked those who found a place to rent from obtaining the rental unit.
Taking into account that, the housing first program is applied in several western countries around the world like the United States, England and Australia, this letter is directed to the government of Canada. It proposes solutions for homelessness in Canada by introducing an additional new branch of the program that speaks only for the invisible people while leaving the original program to speak for
There is a lot of discrimination and wide separation of those owning housing and those who are homeless to try and get housing. The article states, “The supply of affordable housing has not kept pace with the needs of the population. There has also been a decline in the amount of affordable rental housing in many cities. Combine that with declining incomes and a widespread reduction in social benefits for low-income Canadians, and you get a population that has to spend a greater percentage of its income on housing.” This is a huge imbalance of those owning the house and having the money to own versus those renting the
Something I would like to see changed in the Canadian public policy is to implement ways for all Canadians to have sustainable housing. The government is for the people. Our country has more than enough resources that none of its citizens should be without a home and homeless people should not be viewed at or treated in another way than others. We are all human. Looking back at chapter 1 in “Staying Alive”, epidemiologists were trying to convey the overall message that inequality is bad for our health and that each individual must have the basic needs to survive. This relates back to the issue of homelessness, as they are ones who do not have the basic needs to survive. “The most commonly used measure of inequality is that of income differences” (Raphael, 2014, p.24).
The Skelton article reviews the organisation of low-cost housing provisions in Canada, while focusing upon the national cooperative and nonprofit housing programs that developed over approximately two decades from the early 1970s. It discusses the issues of infrastructure for the provision of public housing that was left in place in the aftermath of the programs and then reviews more recent methods of analysis of the organisational forms that public housing has developed into while searching for possible alternative strategies to keep the housing going. This is followed up a study of public housing organisations in Winnipeg that implies that suggests that unlike what has happened in a number of other Canadian cities, an elaborate alternative network did not emerge around public housing issues and public housing policy to explain this.
Ever since the Canadian federal government withdrew affordable housing investments in the 1990s, homelessness has emerged as a very real problem for Canadian society. In 2014, it is estimated that over 235,000 different Canadians will experience homelessness in a year, with over 35,000 Canadians homeless on any given night (The State of Homelessness in Canada 2). However, the real problem is hidden in the numbers, where despite only making up 4.3% of the total Canadian population, Aboriginal Peoples represent a disproportionate percentage of the homeless populations across Canada (SOHC 60). Through a deep and complex web of embedded colonial structures, intergenerational trauma, poverty, violence, and racism, Aboriginal
Multiple reasons exist for the the lack of affordable housing. On the demand side these include population growth and increased migration to urban areas, easily accessible housing finance, tax incentives and a “strong cultural preference for owner-occupied detached houses”. On the supply side, affordability problems are exacerbated by inflexible and slow responses to the need for new housing stock, lack of infrastructure and generally inefficient planning processes and development assessment by local governments.
The lack of affordable housing in the United States is a problem that doesn 't receive nearly the attention that it necessitates. This absence of affordable housing became especially prevalent following World War II when suburbanization spread across the country like wildfire. Although the sheer number of homes increased, Jim Crow segregation influenced housing policy, meaning that white institutions prevented blacks from obtaining the mortgages needed to afford such homes. Therefore, rather than accept subprime loans, which often result in foreclosure, many black people have been pigeonholed into paying exorbitant rates for dilapidated rental properties located in inner-cities, thereby creating the affordable housing problem. Although the situation seems bleak, with careful planning and execution, we can solve the affordable housing problem. Specifically, my proposal involves the following two components: the government must first revise and draft three forms of legislation that create strict yet concise standards that landlords must follow, and then allocate federal funding to health and wellness programs within poor communities. By examining the contributing societal factors to the lack of affordable housing in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and then implementing the proposal mentioned above, one could potentially solve the affordable housing problem there and transpose the plan to other impoverished cities across the country.