In this experiment, two different reactions will be occurring to see what will be produced in the final product. The first reaction, also known as reaction A, deals with reagents such as 1-butanol, ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride, and sulfuric acid. The ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride, and sulfuric acid are mixed in water and is called the pre-made nucleophile solution. The 1-butanol will serve as the electrophile in the reaction. The second reaction, which is called reaction B, deals with the same reactants but the electrophile is the 2-methyl-2-propanol. With these two different electrophiles reacting to the nucleophile solution, it is unknown what will happen when the final product is attained. There could be no reaction that can occur and the electrophiles are left in the organic solution. A reaction with one of the chemicals in the nucleophile solution could occur, creating only one product. A mixture of different solutions that reacted can be created and no electrophiles are left in the organic layer. There could be a mixture of different reactions and some electrophiles left in the …show more content…
A spin vane was placed in the vial and the solution sat on a magnetic stir plate. The solution was stirred vigorously for 20 minutes at room temperature. After stirring it, 1 mL of diethyl either was placed with the solution and the aqueous layer was removed. The organic layer was treated with 100 mg of NaHCO3 and sat in there until the bubbling stopped. An aqueous layer formed after the bubbling and it was removed. The organic solution was then transferred to a sample vial and labeled as reaction B. Another two mL of diethyl ether was placed with the NaHCO3 and then combined with the clear product and was sealed in the sample vial. This vial was also placed in the freezer until the product could be tested by gas
And finally into test tube 3, I pipetted 1.0 ml turnip extract and 4.0 ml of water. The contents of test tube 1 was poured into a spectrometer tube and labeled it “B” for blank. “B” tube was now inserted it into the spectrometer. An adjustment to the control knob was made to zero the absorbance reading on the spectrometer since one cannot continue the experiment if the spectrometer is not zeroed. A combination of two people and a stop watch was now needed to not only record the time of the reaction, but to mix the reagents in a precise and accurate manner. As my partner recorded the time, I quickly poured tube 3 into tube 2. I then poured tube 2 into the experiment spectrometer tube labeled “E” and inserted it into the spectrometer. A partner then recorded the absorbance reading for every 20 seconds for a total of 120 seconds. After the experiment, a brown color in the tube should be observed to indicate the reaction was carried out. Using sterile techniques, any excess liquid left was disposed
8 test tubes were then labelled A-H, 1ml of DCPIP was added to each of the test tubes. 2ml of NaHCO3 was added tubes A through G.
The mixture was heated at 120°C using an aluminum block and was stirred gently. After all of the solid dissolved, it was heated for 20 additional minutes to ensure the reaction was complete.
Conclusion – The main idea of this experiment is that if you have the reactants of a double replacement reaction that you should be able to find out several things. First, you can figure out the products from switching the positive ion with the other positive ion. Once you have found the products you can determine the phase of matter they are in from Table F and H. Finally, you can also determine whether the reaction went to completion or not. The observations and data above leads me to believe that our experiment is valid. We were very careful and observant of the directions that needed to be taken. Once source of error could have been that certain substances were placed in the wrong wells, causing your data to stray from the correct information. One way this experiment could be applied to a real life situation is he residue in the bottom of a glass in your bathroom. There is stuff dissolved in water, and any trace of water left in a glass will eventually evaporate and leave the residue.
Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to observe a variety of chemical reactions and to identify patterns in the conversion of reactants into products.
The crude product was washed by taking the reaction product in the separatory funnel and adding 23 mL of deionized H2O. The mixture was shaken and allowed to settle until layers were observable. The top layer was the desired product and approximately 25 mL of aqueous layer was extracted from the separatory funnel. Next, 25 mL of 5% NaHCO3 was added to the separatory funnel in order to neutralize the acid. This mixture was swirled, plugged with the stopper and inverted. Built-up gas was released by turning the stopcock to its opened and closed positions, releasing CO2 by-product. This was done four times in one minute intervals. The solution was allowed to settle until layers were observable. The bottom layer that contained salt, base and water was extracted from the separatory funnel. The crude product was washed again as mentioned previously.
The materials needed for this experiment included test tubes, a test tube holder, the unknown compound #202, 35mL beakers, gloves, safety goggles, ethanol (to clean equipment), stirrer (to mix solutions), the 15 possible compounds that are provided, pH strips, distilled water, wooden splints, spatula to get out unknown compound #202, waste bucket, Bunsen burner, graduated cylinder, 500mL beaker for the waste, plastic dishes to measure out compound and the scale.
6. Purpose: to clarify the mechanism for the cycloaddition reaction between benzonitrile oxide and an alkene, and to test the regiochemistry of the reaction between benzonitrile oxide and styrene; to purify the crude product of either trans-stilbene, cis-stilbene, or styrene reaction.
The solvolysis of t-butyl bromide is an SN1 reaction, or a first order nucleophilic substitution reaction. An SN1 reaction involves a nucleophilic attack on an electrophilic substrate. The reaction is SN1 because there is steric obstruction on the electrophile, bromine is a good leaving group due to its large size and low electronegativity, a stable tertiary carbocation is formed, and a weak nucleophile is formed. Since a strong acid, HBr, is formed as a byproduct of this reaction, SN1 dominates over E1. The first step in an SN1 reaction is the formation of a highly reactive carbocation, in which a leaving group is ejected. The ionization to form a carbocation is the rate limiting step of an SN1 reaction, as it is highly endothermic and has a large activation energy. The subsequent nucleophilic attack by solvent and deprotonation is fast and does not contribute to the rate law for the reaction. The Hammond Postulate predicts that the transition state for any process is most similar to the higher energy species, and is more affected by changes to the free energy of the higher energy species. Thus, the reaction rate for the solvolysis of t-butyl bromide is unimolecular and entirely dependent on the initial concentration of t-butyl bromide.
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the nucleophilic strength of chloride and bromide ions as it reacts with 1-butanol (n-butyl) and 2-methyl-2-propanol (t-butyl alcohol) under SN1 and SN2 conditions.
Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to observe the many physical and chemical properties of copper as it undergoes a series of chemical reactions. Throughout this process, one would also need to acknowledge that even though the law of conservation of matter/mass suggests that one should expect to recover the same amount of copper as one started with, inevitable sources of error alter the results and produce different outcomes. The possible sources of error that led to a gain or loss in copper are demonstrated in the calculation of percent yield (percent yield= (actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100.
B. You know what color phenolphthalein and Bromthymol blue turn when testing an acid or a base. Use the empty pipet in the Auxiliary Supplies Bag to test several (at least 3) household items including household cleaning products with Bromthymol blue. Rinse the pipet well before using it on the next household chemical. When finished with this experiment rinse the pipet well and return it to the Auxiliary Bag for use in future experiments. Name the items tested and record their results. What do these results mean?
The purpose of this experiment was to perform a nitration of a monosubstituted arene by electrophilic aromatic substitution and the second part of the experiment was to determine the relative reactivities of five different arenes using electrophilic aromatic bromination.
Which reactions occurred between those reagents? Why was the experiment performed? " The unknown acid was deprotonated by NaOH and protonated by HCl. The experiment was performed to separate the unknown acid from fluorene and to identify the unknown. 3.
Equipment, Materials, and Method The equipment used were a jacketed batch reactor beaker, cooling water circulation system, computer, LabPro temperature probe and conductivity probe, mixing stand and magnetic stir bar. The materials used for this reaction were a 0.08M NaOH solution and a 0.1M ethyl acetate solution. A 20% excess Ethyl acetate was used to ensure NaOH was the limiting reactant.[1] NaOH was chosen for the limiting reactant because of its high conductivity relative to Ethyl acetate. The extent of the reaction was monitored by measuring the conductivity throughout the reaction. With NaOH being the limiting reactant, the change in conductivity is more visible, and the termination of the reaction can