Caffeine Intro Caffeine is a xanthine alkaloid compound and is commonly consumed for its stimulating effects (toxicology). It is extracted from plants and is the end product of nitrogen metabolism, which is why it is classified as an alkaloid. This compound is found in popular beverages such as coffee and tea, which are consumed for the effects caused by caffeine, most notably the short-term ability to keep people awake. History Both coffee and tea’s discovery occurred before the discovery of the chemical responsible for their effects; caffeine. Both of their discoveries can be traced to legends speaking of their accidental consumption; coffee in 850 by goats owned by the Ethiopian farmer Kaldi, and tea in 2737 BCE by the Chinese emperor Shen Nung. Caffeine was later isolated in 1819 by Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge. Although it was Runge that isolated the compound, it was Emil Fischer that first determined its structure in the 1890’s and was later able to synthesize the compound in 1895 (organicchem). Today, it is the most used stimulant in the world (Toxicology). Caffeine Molecular formula: C8H10N4O2 IUPAC Name: 1,3,7- trimethylpurine- 2,6-dione Molecular Mass: 194.1906 g/mol Molecular Structure: How does it work? Caffeine is a central nervous stimulant that is mainly consumed to increase alertness and prevent drowsiness. Its molecular structure is similar to that of adenosine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter that slows down nerve cell (or neuron) activity by binding to
Caffeine is a wildly use drug in today’s society. Caffeine is a methylated xanthine which acts as a mild central nervous system stimulant (MS & RL, 2001). It is a stimulant which acts upon the central nervous system and increases alertness, wakefulness and restlessness and it increases the release of catecholamine from renal medullar (Fernandez, 2016; Collines, 2007). It is present in many beverages. Caffeine is found in coffee, tea, soft drinks, products containing chocolate (cocoa) and some medication (Collines, 2007). It is used as a cardiac and respiratory stimulant (Collines, 2007).Caffeine is the most frequently ingested pharmacologically active substance in the world (Collines, 2007).
Caffeine is a mild stimulant that occurs naturally in at least 63 plant species. Caffeine can be found in the leaves, stems, seeds, and roots of these various plants. Caffeine is part of the methylxanthine family. It consists of a xanthine molecule with three methyl groups attached to it. Caffeine can be found in many products like sodas, tea, and coffee, but it also occurs in several other products such as prescription medications, diuretics, and pain relievers. Caffeine’s widespread use and popularity have caused many people to view the substance as an addictive drug. Thus making caffeine the most inexpensive and readily available drug known to man. Then on the other hand there are
Various countries consumed caffeine containing plants as a source of energy in the past, while still being unaware that the compound within the plants was causing the stimulating effects. In 1819, Friedlieb Runge discovered and isolated caffeine, which gave rise to the production of new caffeine containing products. Most individuals today consume caffeine in the form of coffee because of its’ ability to decrease fatigue and drowsiness. Although caffeine is soluble in water at room temperature, the molecules will not completely dissolve; therefore, coffee is made with hot water to dissolve a greater quantity of the caffeine molecules. Caffeine produces its’ stimulating effect by interfering with adenosine, a chemical in the nervous system that releases signals to notify the body when sleep is needed. Adenosine is a by-product of brain function and it will accumulate in the body throughout the day. Eventually adenosine levels will reach a maximum, causing adenosine to start binding to receptor sites to notify the brain to slow down cellular activity. Caffeine and adenosine are both alkaloids (organic compounds composed of many nitrogen atoms) with similar shapes, ring structures and covalent bonds, which allows caffeine to bind to adenosine receptors. Caffeine will occupy all adenosine receptor sites, causing the brain to maintain cellular activity and not induce
Caffeine is found in many plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide. It is found most commonly in cocoa, tea and coffee, but is also artificially added to some soft drinks such as cola to act as a flavour enhancer. When consumed by humans, caffeine works as a stimulant causing amounts of released neurotransmitters to be increased. High use of caffeine has been related with raised blood pressure, restlessness, insomnia and anxiety which, in the long term, can lead to heart and circulation problems.
Caffeine is a natural product that is extracted from the raw fruit of coffee plants over sixty creased alertness. Caffeine gives most people a temporary energy boost and elevates mood..species to be exact. kola nuts, cocoa, yerba maté, guarana berries, coffee beans and teas contain this. Caffeine is rapidly absorbed in about 30 to 60 minutes in our bodies after ingestion. Caffeine is defined as a drug because it stimulates the central nervous system, causing increased alertness. Caffeine gives most people a temporary energy boost and elevates mood.caffeine can also be in things like over the counter medications, and pain relievers.
Caffeine is found in coffee, tea, soft drinks, chocolate, kola nuts, and certain medicines. Brands of Caffeine include Acetaminophen,Alert-Pep,Anoquan,Butalbital.It makes you jittery and shaky it can cause you to have a hard time falling asleep, staying asleep, or get a sleep it can also cause an increase in heart beat and uneven heart rhythm, It has many more side effect on bodies.Caffeine binds to the adenosine receptor and the cell can no longer identify adenosine because caffeine is taking up all the receptors that adenosine would normally bind to. Caffeine speeds up the nerve cell instead of slowing down like adenosine's effect, Caffeine causes the brain's blood vessels to constrict, because it blocks adenosine's ability to open it.This is why headache medicines contain caffeine ,by it constricting blood vessels in the brain can help stop a vascular
1. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary caffeine is defined as a bitter alkaloid C8H10N4O2 (not that any of you care) found especially in coffee, tea, cacao, and kola nuts and used medicinally as a stimulant and diuretic
Caffeine, also known as trimethylxanthine, is a white stimulant drug in the xanthine alkaloid family. It has a crystalline structure and is bitter in taste. It
Caffeine is a central nervous system’s stimulant and is naturally found in more than 60 substances. It is the most universally used central nervous system stimulant as it is found in many dishes, drinks and medication. Health Canada regulates caffeine, when used as an additive, under the Food and Drug Regulations and recommends a limited consumption (Health and Welfare Canada [HWC], 1990).
Caffeine is considered to be the most consumed psycho pick-me-up and is present in more than sixty plants. It is part of our everyday consumptions, such as coffee, tea, energy drinks and even chocolate even its small amount, around 90% of individuals use caffeine in one form or another. Caffeine has many similar traits with more of the bigger drugs such as cocaine, amphetamines and even heroin. The thing is that caffeine uses similar biochemical mechanisms as the other drugs which in fact are known to stimulate the brain function. Caffeine is also known as 1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine, and derives from a methylxanthine group and includes theophylline and theobromine (5). Methylxanthine inhibits the neurotransmitter adenosine by stimulating by beta 1 and beta 2 receptors from the release of catecholamine’s. Physiologically, caffeine impedes the binding of adenosine to its receptors in the cell membranes which causes a mild dilation of blood vessels and increases in blood pressure, metabolic rate, and urine production. It occurs naturally in the leaves, fruits, and seeds of numerous plant species, most noticed in coffee and cocoa beans, tea leaves, kola nuts, and guarana. Caffeine can be produced synthetically, but when added to food, it is most commonly derived as a byproduct of decaffeination (5). Caffeine is a substance widely used, not only for is ability to promote wakefulness and to stimulate the central nervous system, but to also begin an effect after 15 minutes of
When we wake up in the morning, many of us reach for a cup of coffee to kick-start our day. When we hit that afternoon slump, again, many of us turn to coffee as a pick me up. While coffee beans and coffee are the most common sources, caffeine is found naturally in several other leaves, seeds and fruits including tea leaves, cacao seeds and kola nuts. It can also occur as a food additive in processed foods such as instant coffee, tea, chocolate, most colas, candies, energy drinks, bars, chocolate, and chewing gum. To add, caffeine is an ingredient in many over-the-counter medications, such as pain relievers, diet pills and cold remedies. The amount of caffeine in foods and drinks depends on the brand, the type of beans or leaves used, how it is prepared and how long it steeps. According to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the average American drinks between two and four 8 oz. cups of coffee per day (~300mg
Caffeine is considered to be the most consumed psycho pick-me-up and is present in more than sixty plants. It is part of our everyday consumptions, such as coffee, tea, energy drinks and even chocolate even its small amount, around 90% of individuals use caffeine in one form or another. Caffeine has many similar traits with more of the bigger drugs such as cocaine, amphetamines and even heroin. The thing is that caffeine uses similar biochemical mechanisms as the other drugs which in fact are known to stimulate the brain function. Caffeine is also known as 1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine, and derives from a methylxanthine group and includes theophylline and theobromine (5). Methylxanthine inhibits the neurotransmitter adenosine by stimulating by
Caffeine is an addictive drug that is used every day by mostly the whole population. Caffeine was discovered by a man named Friedlieb Runge in 1819. Runge was given a box of beans by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe when Goethe asked him to analyze the beans. When Runge analyzed the beans he found that it was full of caffeine (Nerz-Stormes,
Caffeine is a common central nervous system stimulant drug which occurs in nature as part of the coffee, tea, yerba mate and other plants, can be said to be the most psychoactive substance in the world. ( Fredholm et al. 1999). It is also an additive in many consumer products, most notably beverages advertised as energy drinks. Caffeine can also be found in soft drinks such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi, where, on the ingredients listing, it is designated as a flavouring agent. It is regarded as the most widely consumed stimulant drug in the world based on Nehlig, Daval, & Debry (1992) research. The interaction of caffeine with adenosine receptors in the brains makes an individual more alert. A moderate intake of caffeine results in small healthy
The method used to separate the organic compound from a mixture of compound is the extraction. It is done by the dissolving of one or more compounds in a good solvent. The solvent which was used in this experiment was 15 ml of dichloromethane into 125ml of water. Caffeine was extracted from 9.19 g of TAZO Awake English Breakfast. Caffeine is soluble in water in 2.2 g/ml at 20 C; it is more soluble than dichloromethane which has 10.2g/ml at 20 C, and the method used for the extraction was the liquid-liquid extraction method, followed by evaporation. The objective of going through all these steps was to be able to obtain caffeine from tea and to see how pure or how the caffeine was not pure in comparing the standard values of Melt Point and RF values of the result of the experiment.