Cuba In The 18th Century

The once powerful Spanish Empire was hanging onto a thread as Cuba and Puerto Rico were their last two major colonies. Tension between the Cuban people and the Spaniards had been building since the beginning of Spanish reign over the island in 1492. One of the leading issues was the “impact of increased taxation and an international economic crisis” (LOC). Spain was exploiting Cuba for its sugar plantations and treating the locals very poorly. This poor treatment and taxation by Spain would lead to the “Ten Years' War” (LOC), from 1868 to 1878, in which the Cubans

For most of its history, Puerto Rico has been controlled by an outside power, and its people oppressed. While Puerto Rico is currently a U.S. territory, Spanish colonialism has had a significant impact on the island’s development and identity. The history of the island itself is proof of this fact, demonstrating each step Puerto Rico took to reach its current state. By examining the stages of Spanish control that Puerto Rico experienced, we can determine how each stage affected the structure and identity of Puerto Rico.

Puerto Ricans are another major Hispanic group that has also arrived to the U.S and brought less work for Americans. Puerto Ricans' current association with the United States, like that of the Mexican people, began as the result of the outcome of a war. The island of Borinquen, subsequently called Puerto Rico, was claimed by Spain in 1493. The native inhabitants, the Taino Indians, were significantly reduced in number by conquest, slavery, and genocide. (Schaefer, R. 2006, p.266). After Puerto Rico had been ruled by Spain for four centuries, the island was seized by the United States in 1808 during the Spanish-American War. The value of Puerto Rico for the United States, as it had been for Spain, was mainly its strategic location, which was advantageous for maritime trade. (Schaefer, R. 2006, p.226). The most significant difference between the meaning of race in Puerto Rico and on the mainland is that Puerto Rico, like so many other

Colonization of Latin America is the central conflict of its history because its effects as still prevalent in the socioeconomics and politics of modern-day Latin American countries. It is because of the colonization of Latin America by the Iberians that today, the Latin American people are a multiethnic people with many descending from Europeans or Africans. The Iberians conquest resulted in the death, displacement, or enslavement of countless natives, which in turn further increased the power and draw of the encomienda system. As the encomienda system grew and became more extensive, the native population diminished and the transatlantic, African slave trade became more commonplace. This caused the multiethnic societies of Latin America today and created a social structure consisting

Encomienda System- Nicolás de Ovando created this system with a main goal of being allowed to give Indians to colonists only if they christianized them. This system gave the government permission to force the natives to work for the colonists, after the colonists would come into the natives towns and conquer it for themselves.

When they sailed across the Atlantic, they ended up in the Caribbean. This is where the Spaniards initiated slavery and forcibly worked a large amount of Indians to death, eventually replacing them with Africans. An example of Spaniards imposing slavery upon Natives was the creation of the encomienda system, which was used to effectively enslave the Indians and seize their land. They started marrying one another and producing mestizos, the offspring of a Spaniard and American Indian. Unfortunately, much of it was due to rape. The negative effects on the Indians were not only the consequence of their mistreatment; a vast amount of people died as a result of the Columbian Exchange, a transfer of animals, diseases, culture, ideas, and more. Specifically, when Europeans came to America, they brought over diseases such as smallpox, measles, and influenza. These illnesses were extremely detrimental for

Race in Argentina and Cuba, 1880-1930: Theory, Policies, and Popular Reaction, by Aline Heig; In the Analysis of the writen of Sarmiento, Bunge, and Ingenieros; Heig explain the believe of the racial theory in Argentina and Cuba. She explained about the different treatments during those times in which the social and racial class it was divided. Cuba and Argentina it was characterize by the separation of skin color. The Anglo-Saxon in Argentina and Cuba have the idea of superiority race and inferiority. However, Heig explain that the ideology of the Argentina culture is very similar because they believe in the white superiority and Indians and black inferiority.

I will be discussing how the country of Puerto Rico’s impact of resource scarcity, issues with boundary delineation, separatism and sovereignty issues, poverty, migration, legacies of colonialism and imperialism, global climate change and its impact. The once poor nation of Puerto Rico now seems to be a stepping stone for trading in the Caribbean. With its location in the Caribbean, Puerto Rico is a major asset for shipping lanes. One of the main reasons the U.S. wanted to take over this land. Its geographical location is important in helping to move resources around the world, as well as keeping an eye on Cuba. The economic system of

Both of the colonies wanted religious conversions from the Native Americans. The Spanish colonist were very forceful with converting Native Americans to Christianity. Spanish conquerors, called conquistadors, travelled with the armed Spanish Military as well as Roman Catholic Dominican or Franciscan Friars to force religious conversion to any Native American village in the newly claimed Spanish colony. In the New England colonies, leaders of Wampanoag tribes were forced to sign their land over to the English at gunpoint. In addition, select Native American villages were turned into “Praying Towns”, in which the English would convert all of the Native Americans into the Puritan religion and force the Native Americans to give up all of the native traditions. These differences occurred because of the strong beliefs of the colonist. In both the Spanish and English colonies, the colonist believed that their religion was the correct religion, whether that be Catholic in the Spanish colonies or Puritan in the New England Colonies. However, one way that the Spanish and New England colonies varied in their treatment of the Native Americans was the use, or lack of use, of forced labor in the colonies. The Spanish colonies thrived off of the use of Native American labor through the Encomienda system. The Encomienda system granted the forced labor of Native Americans to the owner of the land in the colony. Through this system, the Spanish colonies were able to thrive, however it was deadly to the Native American population. For Native Americans who resisted the Encomienda system, they were killed and in some cases, to the near extinction of a tribe. Noteable, the Indigenous Taino People rebelled against the Spanish and succeeded a peace treaty, however lost ninety percent of their tribe. Meanwhile, the New England colonies hardly used forced labor from the Native

Although both Cuba and Mexico have Spaniard influence that is the most they have in relation to each other historically. Not much of Cuba is known before the arrival of the Spaniards in 1492 by Christopher Columbus, upon arrival there were no indigenous peoples on the island. Where in Mexico there plenty of indigenous people from Aztecs, Mayans, to Tzotzil. When the Spaniards arrived in Mexico in 1529 there were natives roaming around everywhere. After the arrival of the Spaniards in Cuba, the island was being used as a slave stop before

Natives provided laboratories for testing techniques, overwhelming the advanced natives of Mexico and Peru. The encomienda system is the Spanish government's policy to provide the colonists with Indians with the condition to Christianize them. As a result, the Spanish were able to subjugate native tribes in the North American mainland and on the West Indies. At dismay against the encomienda system, Bartolomé de Las Casas accused it to be “a moral pestilence invented by

As soon as Columbus lands in the Indies, he claims the land for Spain. He wrote, “There I found very many islands, filled with people innumerable, and of them all I have taken possession...and no opposition was offered to me” (Columbus 1). He immediately takes possession of everything despite not knowing exactly where he is. He then renames all of the islands as if they belong to him. He doesn’t care that other people already live there. The letter from de las Casas reveals the terrible things Columbus and his men did by enslaving the natives. He forced the people living on the islands to work for him without pay. de las Casas wrote, “[The Spaniards] have brought to the island of Hispaniola and the island of San Juan more than two million souls taken captive, and have sent them to do hard labor in the mines, labors that caused many of them to die” (de las Casas 6). de las Casas emphasizes that these people were forced to work against their will, and he notes that many of these people died because of it. “Then, like sheep, they are sorted out into flocks...the ship owners carrying of their share, the best flock, to compensate them for the moneys they have invested…” he wrote (6). He shows that the people were treated and sold like animals. Columbus and his men used them to make money, forcing them to gather natural resources that he could sell. de las Casas wrote about one instance of this. Some of the natives had to dive for pearls, which required them to be underwater for long periods of time. He wrote, “In this harvesting of pearls let us again consider whether the Spaniards preserve the divine concepts of love for their fellow men, when they place the bodies of the Indians in such mortal danger…” (6). He’s calling these men immoral, showing how they don’t care about the lives of their slaves. Columbus wanted more land so he could use its

It was in the 1500s that conflict and struggle began between the Spanish and the Native Americans of the New World. The Spanish practiced mercantilism, which means they thought the colonies were required to provide the materials Europeans needed to export profitable goods. The Spanish economy soon declined due to inflation of prices, which in turn, led them to rely on colony plantations for tobacco and sugarcane. This required a massive quantity of workers, so King Charles I of Spain's granted an encomienda system, which gave the Spanish colonists the right to demand the Indians to work as slaves. In 1519, the encomienda system became overpopulated. As more and more natives were introduced to Europeans, they were also exposed to foreign diseases

China’s unemployment rate is 4,040,100. China is the second largest populated country in the world. Agriculture is the most common occupation, Brazil is also big on Agriculture. Brazil enjoyed a positive agricultural trade balance of $43 billion in 2006. China produces mostly rice and soybeans. While Brazil is the world’s largest producer of sugarcane, coffee, tropical fruits, frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ). China ranks first in cotton and tobacco and they are the producer of tea, Brazil and Cuba are also a big producer of cotton and tobacco. China also ranks first on red meat. China is also one of the world’s major mineral producing countries. China ranks first on coal production. China’s population is ranked highest for their outstanding

White-sand beaches and rolling mountains, wildlife-rich rainforests and tumbling waterfalls, cigars and rum, all wrapped up in defiantly Revolutionary politics; the island of Cuba can rightfully claim to be one of the most singular destinations on the planet.