‘Discuss the ways in which the government may use Fiscal policy to help the economy grow out of a recession. Reference must be made to some policies that the current government has actually use’
Fiscal policy involves the use of government spending, taxation and borrowing to affect the level and growth of aggregate demand, output and jobs. Fiscal policy is also used to change the pattern of spending on goods and services. It is also a means by which a redistribution of income & wealth can be achieved. It is an instrument of intervention to correct for free-market failures. Changes in fiscal policy affect aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS). In the UK, the Treasury (pictured right) is in charge of fiscal policy decisions
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National insurance contributions are the closest example in the UK of a proportional tax, although low-income earners do not pay NICs below an income threshold. A regressive tax is the rate of tax falls as incomes rise – I.e. the average rate of tax is lower for people of higher incomes. In the UK, regressive taxes come from excise duties of items of spending such as cigarettes and alcohol. Indirect taxes forma larger percentage of the disposable income of those who earn less, even though they may also spend less.
How the current government is using fiscal policy.
The current collation government are using fiscal policy to attempt to cut down borrowing and the budget deficit from previous borrowing of the recent labour governments to be in power. The Coalition Government wants to halve the budget deficit over a five year period, they have launched a programme of fiscal austerity amounting to £126 billion a year of combined spending cuts and tax rises. Most of the fiscal austerity is coming through planned reductions in the real level of government spending. 80% will come from spending reductions, 20% is forecast to come from higher taxes. The “fiscal squeeze” is highly controversial and has led to an impassioned debate among economists about the best way to control a budget deficit as an economy struggles to lift itself out of recession and sustain a recovery. Keynesian economists argue that deficit-reduction policies risk driving the economy into a second recession
Another form of macroeconomic policy is fiscal policy, which involves the use of the Commonwealth Government’s budget in order to achieve the Government economic objectives. By varying the amount of government spending and revenue, the government can effectively alter the level of economic activity, which in turn will influence economic growth, inflation, unemployment and the external indicators of the economy.
What is Fiscal Policy?“It refers to the central government's policy on lowering or raising taxes or increasing or decreasing public expenditure in order to stimulate or depress aggregate demand”(Bloomsbury Business Library). This means the ability
The fiscal policy is when the government changes its spending level and tax rates to monitor and influence their economy. The government will need to increase tax revenues to fund expenditure by increasing taxation by adjusting the income tax level.
The fiscal policy is when the government changes its spending level and tax rates to monitor and influence their economy. The government will need to increase tax revenues to fund expenditure by increasing taxation by adjusting the income tax level.
Taxation, the amount of money we pay every year and of course the government is a big spender has a lot of assets at its disposal to influence the economy. The government is a very large entity and controls a lot of money. Fiscal policy is more effective when trying to stimulate the economic growth rather than trying to slow down an economy that is overheating. The goal of fiscal policy is too accomplished by decreasing aggregate expenditures and aggregate demand through a decrease in government spending. Fiscal policy pros are; it can build up the operation electronic stabilizers. Well-timed fiscal stabilization together with automatic stabilizers can have an impact on the level of aggregate expenditure and activity in the economy. Fiscal policy can be picky by attempting specific category of the economy. For example, the government can be focused to concentrate education, housing, health or any specific industry area. Fiscal policy controls a spending tap. Fiscal policy can have a forceful effect if used in bankruptcy, because the government can open a spending tap to increase the level of aggregate
The government has been implementing policies in the improvement of the growth in the UK. Such as improving economic growth during the Great Depression and the recent financial crisis. A brief history by (Pettinger, 2016) on the use of fiscal policy, Keynes promoted the use of fiscal policy as a way of boosting growth. Moreover, during 1970-1980s the government switched to using monetary policy in influencing the economy. However, the government later reverted to using the fiscal policy in the recession of 2008-2013. Whether or not fiscal policy is the key policy in the process of improving economic growth is the issue.
According to Colander (2010), a “deficit is a shortfall of revenues under payments and a surplus is an excess of revenues over payments” (p. 406). A debt is normally money that is owed or due and in the United States for Fiscal Year 2013 the budget deficit was projected at $901 billion, however, debt was more than $16 trillion at the end of 2012 (about.com, 2012). The state of the economy is what dictates the view of what is provided by economist in terms of potential output of goods. To stimulate the economy whenever possible it is best to run surpluses or at the very least balance a budget.
The complexities and the uncertainties of the government spending leave consumers in a world of dubiety and lead to declines on their spending and investment. The governments need to provide simple and elegant solutions in response to the recession. The consumers need to understand these solutions which would allow them to
A macroeconomic policy is known at the government’s regulations to control or stimulate aggregate indicators for the economy. In other words, these are policies that focus on providing solutions to help stimulate economic growth and fight financial situations; in this case the recession. The macroeconomic policy that would be a legitimate solution to the recession would be Fiscal Policy, but more specifically, Expansionary Fiscal Policy. The reason why this would be a legitimate solution is because unlike Expansionary Monetary Policy, it has a more direct effect on aggregate demand. In other words, the government will aim to increase how much money is spent in order to stimulate aggregate demand. Furthermore, potential tax cuts will serve as a catalyst for spiking aggregate demand by granting people the capability to consume and invest (Forsythe, 2012). As an ultimate effect, the recession that America is going through will show more direct signs of economic growth, and will not have much of an influence in sparking inflation in the long
When the Federal government has to find ways to regain any money lost they lean on the expansionary Fiscal policy and the monetary policy to regain money into the economy. Whether, a change in taxes or even government spending. Even to the three major tools of the expansionary monetary policy to focus on. In the first part of this paper, I will discuss the expansionary fiscal policy and how the Federal government was involved and the changes that needed to be made to taxes, government spending. The second part of this paper, I will discuss the monetary policy and the tools the Federal Reserve used when under this policy. The expansionary fiscal policy was out to kick start the economy, and the expansionary monetary policy was out to change interest rate, and influence money supply. When discussing these two policies you have to think about one aspect when will it ever stop? Will a policy always have to be part of the economy to help the government one way or another?
Fiscal Policy can be explained in many ways, for example. Fiscal policy is the use of the government budget to affect an economy. When the government decides on the taxes that it collects, the transfer payments it gives out, or the goods and services that it purchases, it is engaging in fiscal policy. The primary economic impact of any change in the government budget is felt by particular groups—a tax cut for families with children, for example, raises the disposable income of such families. Discussions of fiscal policy, however, usually focus on the effect of changes in the government budget on the overall economy—on such macroeconomic variables as GNP and unemployment and inflation.
A budgetary stimulus is a necessity to help avoid recessions. Fiscal policy is when a government adjusts its’ spending levels and tax rates in order to impact the nation’s economic status. It is linked to the monetary policy which involves a bank and affects the nation’s money source. When there is an increase in unemployment and the economy is soon reaching a recession, the fiscal policy will help maintain the economy. The fiscal policy will decrease taxes and widely promote government spending. On the other hand, when unemployment is declining and prices are escalating, the policy will reduce government spending and raise the prices on taxes. The Great Recession was a horrific economic crisis that led businesses and buyers to drastically
A long term fiscal sustainability plan is to have an economic growth plan. Too often we narrow down between addressing the fiscal challenges and growing the economy. If properly structured, they are equally supported. The fiscal imbalance not only threatens the health of the economy, but it also confines the capability of future generations to meet the challenges that cannot be predicted. Economic growth is crucial, but that alone cannot solve the deficit and debt issues. Programs like Social Security, Medicare and health care programs grow faster when the economy grows which counteracts some of the deficit decrease benefits of the economic growth. One of the options for deficit reduction is to redesign the tax system. One side believes that
Since the global financial crisis of 2008, the UK government has been implementing various policies to combat the recession and stimulate economic growth. This essay will look at how effective the fiscal and monetary policies used since the crisis are in achieving the four-macro economic objectives. In addition, I will provide my input on the best way the UK government can carry out these policies.
| Advocates of active monetary and fiscal policy view the economy as inherently unstable and believe that policy can manage aggregate demand, and thereby, production and employment, to offset the inherent instability. When aggregate demand is inadequate to ensure full employment, policymakers should boost government spending, cut taxes, and expand money supply. However, when aggregate demand is excessive, risking higher inflation, policymakers should cut government spending, raise taxes, and reduce the money supply. Such policy actions put