Directive Principles of State Policy

and private sector to ensure that the full and practical realization of the right is guaranteed and

A public policy is the body of principles that underpin the operation of legal systems in each state. In this paper I am going to talk about federal along with state policies. I will discuss each of the policies and how they are similar and how they are different. Federal and State policies are made to help keep our Country running smoothly. If there were no policies then keeping our Country safe would be a hard task. Policies are principles that are set to help make our Country operate on a daily bases. I like to think of it as rules that are set to keep our Country safe; because if there were no rules then everyone would be doing their own thing which could cause for a very disorganized situation.

In his Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith celebrated capitalist society. The central thesis of The Wealth of Nations is that capital is best employed for the production and distribution of wealth under conditions of no governmental interference, or laissez-faire, and free trade. In Smith's view, the production and exchange of goods can be stimulated, and a consequent rise in the general standard of living attained, only through the efficient operations of private industrial and commercial entrepreneurs acting with a minimum of regulation and control by governments. To explain this concept of government maintaining a laissez-faire attitude toward commercial endeavors, Smith proclaimed the principle of the "invisible hand": Every individual in pursuing his or her own good is led, as if by an invisible hand, to achieve the best good for all. Therefore any interference with free competition by government is almost certain to be injurious. The division of labor is another crucial component of capitalist society. According to Smith, division of labor benefits society in three ways:

The Declaration of Independence asserts the primacy of the principle of ________, that “all men are created equal.”

"It is but equity...that they who feed, clothe and lodge the whole body of the people, should have such a share of the produce of their own labor as to be themselves tolerably well fed, clothed and lodged."

b) Protects the rights of individuals and promotes equality for all, gives the right for all people to be treated the same regardless of race, age, sex or disability.

THE DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MEN AND OF CITIZENS - AN ANALYSIS IN FIVE PARTS

1. “ Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control” (United Nations, 2012).

Freedom, equality, and the right to the pursuit of happiness are all guaranteed to citizens

After the initial DACA in 2012 there had not been any major immigration law changed or passed. DACA “a federal policy directive announced on June 15, 2012, has created new opportunities for about 1.9 million undocumented youth who came to the United States before the age of 16, have lived in the United States continuously fro at least five years, and have graduated from high school or obtained a GED” (ef4c.org, May 1, 2015). On February 16, 2015 Texas District Court Judge Andrew Hanen who put a ruling on a lawsuit supported by 26 states issued an injunction to delay the executive action set to be implemented on February, 18 2015. United We Dream is confident once the lawsuit reaches higher courts it will be turned down because it does not hold grounds. This action was much supported by the United We Dream not only because it further expanded DACA, which affects DREAMers, but it also positively impacts many parents, though not all. DREAMers were not completely satisfied by the executive action because it excluded most of their parents form DAPA (United We Dream, May 1 2015).

The National Government manage the education system. They are responsible for the education budget for the state system and to ensure that every child of school age receives an education, this is also enforced by local government. They govern the policies of what happens in school with regards to the curriculum. Any changes to be implemented are sent out for input by anyone associated with the education system before being made. Their aim is to educate children

For a country to be fully developed and progressive, its objective should be to accommodate and provide the structure to support the needs of its population and also manage the prosperity and happiness of its society. Thus, our nation needs the assistance from the welfare state in order to maintain the stability and structure for the people who are in financial need of it the most.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights,

The CJEU case-law on horizontal direct effect of directives arguably lacks consistency in regards to the application of the general principle. The principle of direct effect was established in Van Gend en Loos v. Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen. Although there is no set definition of direct effect, a broader definition was provided in Van Gend en Loos that it “can be expressed as the capacity of a provision of EU law to be invoked before a national court.” However, Van Dyun v. Home Office established that directives are capable of direct effect. Furthermore, Marshall v. Southampton established that there could only be vertical direct effect of directives. This stringent principle has arguable ignited the highly contested debate of whether or not horizontal direct effect is applicable to directives or if directives could only have vertical direct effect. However, this essay shall explore the lack of consistency in case-law regarding horizontal direct effect of directives. Firstly, this paper will delve into the case-law of the topic of horizontal direct effect of directives in efforts to try to highlight its consistency in its approach. Secondly, the paper will use case law and the opinion of academics (enter the name of the academics later) to highlight its inconsistencies using the legal mechanisms that have been introduced by the Courts to try to compensate for the lack of horizontal direct effect of directives. Namely, indirect effect, incidental horizontal

states pursue different objectives and comply with different principles and norms, which affect and exert influence on state behavior.