Cyclohexene Lab Report

Atoms are the basic units of matter and all life is based on them. Life on earth is based on the element carbon. It is a highly versatile atom able to form four covalent bonds with itself or other atoms such as hydrogen and water. Atoms combine to form molecules and those that are carbon based are referred to as organic molecules. Organic molecules occur in four different types in living cells; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. They are also known as hydrocarbons due to the presence of both hydrogen and carbon. Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 1:2:1. They are important sources of energy and are classified in three main groups; monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.

The purpose of this experiment was to practice the functional group transformation procedure. The process of the experiment included the dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol in the presence of phosphoric acid and heat. The products that were formed from the reaction were 1-methylcyclohexene and 3-methylcyclohexene. The mass of the final product solution was 0.502g with a percent yield of 18.7% and a boiling point range of 84.5-98.5oC.

After completing the experiment, a yield of 0.01 g of an impure, solid purple, precipitate was created, however this yield will not be considered for percent yield or for future use due to its impurity in nature. This conclusion on the purity of the substance is drawn from the information for pure tetraphenylcyclopentadienone; pure tetraphenylcyclopentadienone has a characteristic black/purple tint to its crystals, and said crystals are very small, almost sand-like in state1. Comparing this description to the description of the experimental sample, a clear main difference is the tint of the color, which was solid purple as opposed to the expected black/purple (this purple tint may

Fig. 12 CXL10-/- mice are relatively protected against FFC-induced liver injury and inflammation. WT & CXCL10-/- mice were fed either chow or FFC-diet for 20 weeks. (A) Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were measured. (C) Total RNA was extracted from liver tissue and mRNA expression of surface macrophage marker cluster of differentiation (CD)68 was evaluated by real-time qPCR. (D) Assessment of macrophage infiltration in fixed liver tissue was done by immunohistochemistry using macrophage galactose-specific lectin (Mac-2) antibody. Bar columns represent mean ± S.E.M. *** P < .001, * P < .05 compared to WT chow-fed mice.

Since the purpose of our experiment was to synthesize Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone from benzyl,dibenzyl ketone,absolute ethanol ,and potassium hydroxyde, we finally got our product at the end which mean we were able to accomplish our purpose. that product is very dangerous for human and very toxics for aquatic organisms.

In this experiment, a Friedel-Crafts acylation was carried our by reacting acetic anhydride (the acylating agent) and dichloromethane (solvent) with anisole to substitute an acyl group onto the aromatic ring of anisole. Friedel-Crafts reaction can be classified as an electrophilic aromatic substitution. This involves an electrophile replacing a hydrogen atom located in the aromatic compounding forming a new carbon-carbon double blond. Acylation of a monosubstituted benzene has the opportunity to yield any or all three different disubstituted products. We used the boiling point and results from 1H NMR spectroscopy to determine if the product was a single product or a mixture of isomers. Say something about yields, NMR, and boiling point....

1-butanol and ethanoic acid, and the product, 1-butyl-ethanoate exist in the same mixture due to the reflux setup, the reaction can never go to completion. Moreover, when isolating and purifying the ester, 1-butyl-ethanoate, some of the product will be lost. This will also occur when separating the ester in distillation, hence, it is not possible to obtain 100% of the product. So, if a theoretical yield were to be calculated, it would not be very accurate. The resulting value of the theoretical yield would most probably represent the maximum yield of the experiment as opposed to an actual yield of how much product will be obtained in the end. Therefore, it is not possible to get the theoretical yield in the experiment due to the lost of product (the ester) throughout the process in numerous occasions.

The purpose of this lab is to synthesize bromocyclohexane from cyclohexane and pyridinium hydrobromide perbromide using reflex method. The product obtained is put through various tests such as Beistein, NaI, and AgNO3 tests for halogen testing, and GC analysis for determining the purity of the product.

Function: The function of this product is to reduce underarm wetness and control body odor. The deodorant aspect of this product reduces body odor by killing the odor-causing bacteria. The antiperspirant aspect of this product mitigates wetness by inhibiting gland sweat.

In the experiment, the cyclohexanol solution is used to perform the dehydration process. Cyclohexanol is a six carbon aromatic hydrocarbon with 1 of the hydrogen atoms is substituted by 1 hydroxyl group, OH-. Through dehydration reaction, the hydroxyl group of cyclohexanol is removed causing formation of cyclohexene. Cyclohexene is a six carbon hydrocarbon with a single double bond. Cyclohexanol will undergo E1 elimination mechanism to form cyclohexene. This elimination reaction will cause the loss of a small H-X molecule from adjacent carbon resulting in formation of pi bond. All the E1 mechanism reaction will undergo a process known as heterolytic bond cleavage. The condition for this heterolytic cleavage to occur is when one atom leaves a compound with both of the original bond’s electrons. This will lead to formation of ions. For example, elimination of H-X from an organic compound involves the loss of a proton and a

Overall, the experiment went smoothly. Our product’s identity and purity was tested by calculating the density, an alkene test using Bromine Water, and conducting both an IR and a H-NMR spectra. The first test that was conducted was comparing densities between our product and the known density of Limonene. From our data, our product had a density of 0.815 g/mL, which is only 0.027 g/mL off from Limonene’s known density of 0.842 g/mL. Our density may even be closer due to the inaccuracy of having less than one millimeter of product.

Dispense .5 mL water into the already weighed conical vial, replace cap and face insert on its down side.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a bromination reaction to manufacture ethyl (2S,3R)-2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoate from ethyl trans-cinnamate utilizing hydrogen bromide, hydrogen peroxide, and ethanol. However, due to an error in the mechanism, the reaction was performed under the same equivalent conditions with trans-diphenylethene to yield 1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane. Subsequently, a debromination reaction was performed to synthesize diphenylacetylene from the product, 1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane, utilizing potassium hydroxide and ethylene glycol. Both reactions were performed based on the principles of green chemistry: specifically increasing the atom economy, minimizing the syntheses of hazardous chemicals, utilizing safer solvents, preventing pollution and preventing accidents in the process.1 In order to evaluate the purity, each product was analyzed by obtaining the TLC and melting point range and running the samples in the Infrared spectrometer, Gas chromatography mass spectrometer, and Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. Based on the mass of solid product obtained, the percent yield for ethyl (2S,3R)-2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoate, 1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane and diphenylacetylene were calculated to be %, %, and % respectively.

In order to complete a certain experiment 20g of cyclohexanol was needed to proceed. However, the stock of cyclohexanol in the storeroom was depleted and the compound was on backorder. In order to proceed with the research as quickly as possible, it was decided that the needed cyclohexanol was to be synthesized in the lab.

The central dogma of Nucleic acid is the DNA is transcribed to RNA which is then translated into a protein. These proteins control expression of all characteristics in an organism. The DNA is broken into segments which act as blueprints for various traits of an organism. The best way to analyze DNA fragments is to amplify the fragment and place them into plasmid vectors.