Crime Analysis Essay

Criminology is the study of crime and criminals. In criminology, crime data is gathered in many different ways. All of these ways are part of the National Incident-Based Reporting system, which is a program that collects data on each respond crime incident (CITATION). There are Primary Sources of collecting crime data, and Secondary Sources of collecting crime data. Under the Primary Sources of collecting crime data are the National Crime Victimization Survey, Self Report Surveys, and the Uniform Crime Reports. These reporting surveys and official records gather information for Criminologists about all types of crimes. Some examples of these are homicide, rape, aggravated assault, robbery, arson, burglary, and larceny. Criminologists use

Several works describe the basic operations of police crime analysis in a how-to manual format. A few researchers have examined the mechanics of crime pattern recognition, a task that some suggest is the heart of crime analysis. Crime mapping has developed into a major tool for crime analysis and has been studied and reported extensively. Some work, albeit very little, has been done to critically assess the quality of analytic output. The three essential functions of Police Crime Analysis operations are important to a police department because within all of the functions, officers are being informed on data that can be key to help them drive down crime in their jurisdiction as well as other jurisdictions that may have cases that link together. Crime analysis is giving best efforts into helping make the jobs of law enforcement easier by keeping them updated and in the know about the local

Nevertheless, Button, Sharples & Harper (2007) cited that at the time its full benefits could not be fully realized due to a number of reasons. To begin with, matching data to maps was unrealistic both in terms of time and efforts spend. In addition, technology at the time was either inferior or expensive. For example in the 1970s main frame computers were popular only with large organizations, which were financially strong (Button, Sharples & Harper 2007). Nevertheless, things begun to take a turn in 1980s, whereby prices begun to decline and hence desktops become essential in storing crime reports. More recently, the cost of both computer software and hardware has reduced substantially. In turn its application in, analyzing, investigating, and preventing, crime in its context is equally increasing. At Present crime mapping is possible due to the fact that it utilizes Geographic Information System (GIS). Crime records, which are stored in police desktops, should contain information about the location of the crime and other indication of the crime pattern. If that is the case, the GIS and mapping software will integrate this information with geographical coordinates to provide more detail report on the crime incidents (Goldstein & McEwen, 2009).

There are various crime data sources that are available to them, however the two major sources commonly used in the United States are the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the (UCR) and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). Both of these reporting systems are popular amongst criminologist today and they play a crucial role in studying crime. Throughout this paper I will briefly describe each of these data sources and the role that they have in studying crime. I would also do a comparison on their procedures and

Gilbert Castle has noted that real estate is essentially a game of information arbitrage. The likely winner of the game is the person that takes advantage of computerized analyses. Castle explains that GIS is an attention-getting way of showing what you know.(n1) Of course, larger data sets are used for GIS analysis, not just the minimum "three

Law enforcement agencies in the police department are faced by increasing volumes of data every day. This data should be processed into information that is useful for crime solving. Doing so will take considerable amount of time and human resources and yet we are not sure to get all effective parameters/relationships involved due to high amount of human interference. This needs a systematic approach and

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has had one of the biggest impacts on the discipline of modern day geography. Roger Tomlinson coined the term GIS in the early 1960s in Canada. Tomlinson defined GIS in its early days as a computer application designed to perform certain specific functions (Coppock et al; 1991). GIS is interdisciplinary in nature, having a distinctive role in geography. The application created for the Canada GIS department was designed to summarize and tabulate land inventory for the country; it solved two issues: to measure irregular homogeneous geographic areas and to overlay different themes. Other early systems were created for the Chicago Area Transportation Study, the U.S. Census Bureau and Landscape

The term Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a term used to refer to a system installed in a computer capable of manipulating, assembling, displaying and storing information that has been geographically referenced. Large volumes of data are mapped, analyzed and modeled using a single database depending on their locations. In short, the software gives one power to create maps. Information such latitudes, longitudes, elevations and ZIP codes are fed into the system and the results can be used to determine whether and climate patterns of different regions (Global Geographic Information Systems, 2007). Different organizations use GIS generated data to seek information regarding specific areas of interest they are interested in.

A Geographic Information System (GIS) stores and links non-graphic attributes of geographically referenced data with graphic map features allowing for a wide range of information processing and display operations, as well as map production, analysis, and modeling. A working GIS is composed of hardware, software, data, people, and a set of methods. Using these components a GIS is capable of storing, manipulating, and managing data, then subsequently analyzing, visualizing, and modeling the data.

Maps are used everywhere and show a large variety of information on many different subjects. GIS (Geographic information systems) is a key

Second, for particular spatial features the GIS technology use the relational data base technologies allocate a series of aspects.

Geographic Information System (GIS) is a spatial information system for creating, organizing, integrating, querying, analyzing and displaying spatial data pertaining to real world. The integration of spatial data and attribute data and data from various sources is one of the strongest features of GIS. The spatial data in the form of maps, satellite images, aerial photographs, GPS observations and adhered to a common spatial framework are integrated in GIS environment for ‘what if analysis’ and spatial decision support.

In order to represent the spatial information and their attributes, a data model – a set of logical definitions or rules for characterizing the geographical data is adopted. The data model represents the linkages between the real world domain of geographical data and the GIS representation of these features. As a result, the data model not only helps in organizing the real-world geographical features into a systematic storage/retrieval mechanism but also helps in capturing the perception of user about the features. GIS packages differ according to the data structure and adopted data structure defines in-built GIS capabilities and need for customization. How the user would be interacting with the GIS data for retrieval, analysis and modeling is dependant on the structure of storing the data. Raster and vector are two basic data structure data models. How real world variations are captured as vector data and raster data in GIS is represented as figure 4.1.2, each data model tends to fit certain types of applications better than the other.

It is a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) widely used for urban master planning for brown field. It is a spatial attribute of world co-ordinate system. GIS is kind of software in which you can see the entire world spatial map. It is a master plan for re-development of Jamshedpur. GIS is a geographic information system working with maps. It is used for creating maps and compiling geographic data and analyzing mapped information. This geographic information using maps and managing the geographic information in a database. It includes spatial information and attribute information. Spatial information is connection between the location, people and activities. The information can graphically what is happening, where, how and why it is happening show the insight and impact of the past, present and the future. This spatial data is to define the location Attribute information is to specify the exact location. This map is using a connection between the wards, villages, plots in a particular Jamshedpur town. If you take a closer look you can see where separate wards, villages and plots. In this we come across two types:

environmental parameters. One of the key components in spatial DSS is the Data Warehousing and analysis.