Charles Spearman's Model of Intelligence and Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory

They both value something other than academic intelligence and disagree with the traditional definition of intelligence which is "success in problem solving ability to learn, capacity for producing node genetic solutions, understanding of complex instructions or simply all round cognitive ability". (Eysenck, 1982, p.8) Sternberg’s theory includes practical intelligence that involves solving problems people confront in daily life. So does Gardner’s theory because it involves kinaesthetic, musical, inter/intrapersonal and naturalist intelligences which are not often used in measuring academic performance. Even though Gardner’s theory agrees that g factor of Spearman’s theory exists “it disputes that g is superior to the other forms of cognition” (Armstrong, 2009, p.191) However, there are more differences between the two theories. Despite both of their disagreement to the traditional definition what they provide as an alternative measure are completely different in nature. Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence focuses more on the processing of intelligence, of any information while Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence theory emphasises the domain of intelligence. Sternberg’s set of intelligences are ways to process and use any kind of information in any situations. On the other hand, what Gardner provides through the Multiple Intelligences Theory are different types of abilities that are considered as intelligences. Another difference between two theories lie on what each psychologist incorporated in their theories. Gardner integrated some artistic and more personal skills in his theory of intelligences and had greater number of parts in his theory. Sternberg, in contrary, had three parts in his theory and those focus more on the successful life, in accord to his own definition of

Howard Gardner has came up with seven clear intelligences Visual-Spatial, Bodily-kinesthetic, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Linguistic, and Logical-Mathematical that outline individual's strengths and are designed based on different tasks, problem solving, and progress in various types of domains. According to Gardner's theory "we are all able to know the world through language, logical-mathematical analysis, spatial representation, musical thinking, the use of the body to solve problems or to make things, an understanding of other individuals, and an understanding of ourselves”(Lane , C. (n.d.). Multiple Intelligences). Visual-Spatial in Gardner's theory is when a person is taught how to remember things through drawings and verbal and physical imagery. Bodily-kinesthetic is used when a person uses communication through there body language, like role playing, hands on learning,

Howard Gardner introduced the theory of multiple intelligences stating that each person possesses a blend of at least eight different kinds of intelligence: verbal/linguistic, logical/mathematical, visual/spatial, bodily/kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and environmental/naturalistic (Bruno, 2009).

In “A Rounded Version: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences”, Howard Gardner illustrates how there are a variety of intelligences. Gardner starts off with an example how IQ tests may predict achievement in school but may not predict achievement in life. After finding out certain parts of the brain are responsible for certain functions, such as “Broca’s Area” which is responsible for sentence production, Gardner proposes the existence of multiple intelligences. Multiple studies later led him to propose seven distinct intelligences; Musical, bodily-kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, linguistic, spatial, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. Each intelligence has certain classifications. According to Gardner’s classifications, I realized my intelligences are bodily-kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, and intrapersonal.

     A renowned professor of education and psychology at Harvard University, Howard Gardner has radically changed the way we look at intelligence. In 1983 Gardner published the first of two books that theorize that there are multiple intelligences. Gardner believes “that human cognitive competence is better described in terms of a set of abilities, talents, or mental skills, which we call “intelligence” (378). Gardner’s theory dismisses the idea that intelligence is a single attribute of the mind and suggests that there are different types of intelligences that account for different human

Traditionally, people have defined someone who is intelligent as an individual who can solve problems, use logic to answer questions, and think critically. But psychologist Howard Gardner has a much broader definition of intelligence. Compare the traditional idea about intelligence with Gardner's. How have his ideas changed the way we assess the strengths and weaknesses of people?

Gardner’s eight multiple intelligences is helpful in understanding that people have different methods of intelligence and learning styles. By learning the different types of intelligences, also helps me understand what my strengths and weaknesses are so I could work on improving that particular intelligence or by just acknowledging

Howard Earl Gardner was born on July 11, 1943 in Scranton, Pennsylvania and is currently an adjunct professor of psychology at Harvard University. Gardner is a developmental psychologist best-known for this theory of multiple intelligences. He believes that the established notions of intelligence are restrictive and narrow and that by measuring IQ frequently meant missing out on the other "intelligences" that a person could possess. Gardner has identified and described eight distinct kinds of intelligence and suggested the possibility of a ninth type that he has labeled "existential intelligence." in his book Frames of Mind. Education circles as well as in the field of psychology have criticized Gardner's definition of intelligence. His

Howard Gardner, the father of such a theory encour-ages educators to feel free to apply the theory and use it in the ESL and EFL environment.” 1 In his book “Frames of Mind” (New York, 1983, Basic Books) he proposed that intelligence falls into eight different areas.2 “My True Intelligence”3 is a quiz based on Gardner’s theory de-signed to find out where a student’s intelligence lies.

Gardner’s view on intelligence challenges our current educational system in which we assume everyone is capable of learning the same concepts in the same that is universal. This idea is what has lead to the excessive number of standardized testing required to be successful in today’s society. However, as the quote goes, “If you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it'll spend its entire life believing it is an

Howard Earl Gardner is a developmental psychologist known for his theory of multiple intelligences. His parents, Ralph and Hilde, were German-Jewish immigrants who fled Germany before World War II. In 1983, Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences in his book Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Essentially, his theory states that intelligence is differentiated into multiple “modalities,” rather than being dominated by a single general ability. Overall, mainstream psychology has widely criticized the theory for its lack of empirical evidence and its dependence on subjective judgement.

For Gardner, it is not a unitary whole that groups different specific capacities, but a net work of autonomous, relatively interrelated groups. For Howard Gardner, intelligence is a biopsychological information potential that can be activated in one or more cultural frameworks to solve problems or create product that have value for such frames

Howard Gardner is a child psychologist whose work focused on stages of development, challenging typical notions of intelligence by broadening aspects of what is considered to be “smart.” In his 1983 book, Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, he developed a more in depth look at the educational background that makes up every person. His work seemed blasphemous of the entire sanctity that education had previously been based on. While this was questioned, it was still widely accepted as it was a logical expansion on which to base people’s understanding of intelligence. Gardner’s new theory of Multiple Intelligences is based upon this expansion into regions of knowledge that people never thought to acknowledge before. While traditional

The theory of multiple intelligences was developed by Dr. Howard Gardner in 1983. The Theory of Multiple Intelligences is a critique of the standard psychological view of intellect: there is a single intelligence, adequately measured by IQ or other short answer tests. Instead, on the basis of evidence from disparate sources, the theory claims that human beings have a number of relatively discrete intellectual capacities. IQ tests assess linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligence, and sometimes spatial intelligence; they are a reasonably good predictor of who will do well in school. This is because humans have several other significant intellectual capacities (Harvard University).

Multiple Intelligence (MI) is a theory that Gardner introduced after many people started to believe with Alfred Binet’s intelligence quotient (IQ) test that intelligence could simply be measured and represented through a unit. Gardner wanted to prove that certain students may not possess the same level of intelligence in a certain category such as Math, which would fall under Gardner’s logical intelligence, as other students. He suggested that certain people excel at particular intelligences more than others. The eight types of intelligence include linguistic, logical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal,