Causes and Prevention of Crime with the Realism Theory

Crime is often described as socially constructed, which influences our understanding of who commits a crime. Firstly, labelling theorists argue that crime is a social construction based on the powerful’s reaction to certain behaviour, those who are deviant are people that have been labelled as such. Marxists claim the bourgeoise construct crime in order to criminalise the proletariat, get away with their own deviance and maintain their own dominance. Neo-marxists look at how moral panics create a social construction of crime and can criminalise certain groups. Finally, feminists, argue crime is constructed in a patriarchal way and that the criminal justice system is harsher to female offenders. Whereas others criticise these theories for

These communities give rise to criminals as they knew the areas, they knew the communities and they had the opportunity. Marxism states that poverty can put the powerless at greater risk of becoming a victim of a crime. 90% of crime reported to the police, only 40% is recorded, due to the discretionary powers of the police given by the upper classes to protect the upper

In comparison Merton’s theory put forward a entirely different rationalisation of the causes of crime, and juxtaposing major ideals about who commits these crimes, Marxists points out that absence of egalitarianism of opportunity is at the centre of the capitalist system and Merton contends that not all individuals who lack genuine opportunities look to crime to do so. (Eglin and Hester, 2013).

Criminology is a field that has been researched prolong. Most of the information explaining crime and delinquency is based on facts about crime (Vold, Bernard, & Daly 2002, p.1). The aim of this paper is to describe the theories of crime and punishment according to the positivists Emile Durkheim and Cesare Lombroso, and the classical criminologist Marcese de Beccaria. The theories were developed as a response to the industrialisation and the modernisation of the societies in the 18th and 19th centuries and were aiming to create a rational society and re-establish social solidarity (Vold et al 2002, p.101). The criminological perspectives of crime and punishment will be discussed in a form of dialogue between the three theorists exploring

During the 1970’s to the early 1990’s there had emerged two new approaches to the study of crime and deviance. The discipline of criminology had expanded further introducing right and left realism, both believe in different areas and came together in order to try and get a better understanding on crime and prevention. There were many theorists that had influenced the realism approaches such as; Jock Young (Left Wing) and James Wilson (Right Wing).

The purpose of this essay is to discuss whether a perspective of social harm is more advantageous and useful over that of crime. In order to explore these advantages, this essay will look at the aetiology of crime from a legal perspective; which is arguably very narrow and individualistic in nature. As well as from a perspective of social harm, which is possibly more progressive as it broadens an understanding of ‘crime’ over that of many other serious harms.

Crime is the product of the social structure; it is embedded in the very fibres of society. In this essay, I aim to explore different theories as to why crime exists within society and how we as a society therefore construct it. Crime is a social construct; it is always in society and is on the increase. It is inevitable. Where does it come from? It comes from legislation, from the making of laws.

Evaluate the usefulness of Marxist theory to our understanding of crime and deviance (40 marks)

sociology researches that were created for a few decades have developed associate assortment of definitions for worry of crime. However, lecturers agree that worry of crime associates feelings, thoughts, and beliefs.

Left realism take a socialist view and are opposed to the inequality of capitalist society which they see as the root cause of crime. Unlike Marxist, left realists are reformist rather than revolutionary socialist. They believe that gradual reforms are the best way to achieve equality. Furthermore, Left realist believe the inequality that exist in society and social conditions are one of the main causes of crime and that people who are below the social class ladder are forced into criminal acts. As they seem to lack any rights and power in relation to decision making and lack of opportunities in society make them feel as though they have no choice but to commit criminal activity. In order to attain their goals weather is to make money

In this journal Cowling explores the many ways in which Marxism has been used to analyze crime. He has presented a summary of the reasonable opportunities in using Marxism to construct awareness of his criminological theory.

This essay will start by making a distinction between the concepts of crime and deviance, followed by an examination how such concepts have been acquired and accepted by society. Further reference will be made to the current crime statistics, and analyse some of the possible explanations for the high proportion of crime that is being committed by young males. Finally, consideration will be given to what the main sociological perspectives functionalism, Marxism and internationalism, would have to say about this whole subject.

Whenever there is a crime, society’s attention shifts towards the victims. Victims experience physical and emotional wounds, loss of property, and in most cases respect. Another person will witness and grieve over the losses of the victims and become afraid of a similar crime happening to them. The prospect of being a victim of a crime creates fear. The fear which can be used with caution and spread the idea of the injuriousness of criminal victimization. Therefore, fear is often used to caution citizens to reduce the chances of criminal activities. It creates enthusiasm for the public to unite and support the control of crime. Thus, fear is channeled and controlled in various ways to prepare society to deal with crime. This paper will analyze the causes of fear and the steps the police is taking to help reduce this fear.

I would have to agree with situational crime prevention theory that crime can be prevented or at least limited if people would routinely change their activities approach criminality. In my opinion, an individual’s everyday routine habit, such as leaving their vehicle doors and homes unlocked gives an opportunity for criminals to commit crimes presented by the physical environment. (Bohm & Vogel, 2011) “ The situational crime prevention theory expresses reducing the physical opportunities needed to commit a crime and increasing the risk of being caught” (Bohm & Vogel, 2011, p.76). The presumption of the situational crime concept relies on the hypothesis that more opportunities lead to more crime, simple crimes attract more offenders, and such existence of easy opportunities makes possible for a life of crime.

Radical Criminology was based on a “Marxist theoretical framework that interrelates the capitalist mode of production, the state, law, crime control, and crime” were it is made up three competing interpretation instrumentalists, structuralist, and dialectical (Bohm, 2011.) They focus on the social arrangements of society including political and economic structure and argue that capitalist societies is made up of winners and losers (Bohm, 2011.) A radical definition of crime is as follows: “imperialism, racism, capitalism, sexism and other