Cad101 Research Paper

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, accounting for 65–70% of all cases (Jellinger, Janetzky, Attems, & Kienzl, 2008). The other dementias are of the Parkinson 's group, the fronto-temporal group and the vascular group. The total worldwide yearly costs for the treatment and care of patients suffering from dementia are estimated to be around 250 billion US dollars. The lifetime risk for AD between the ages of 65 and 100 is 33% for men and 45% for women with an annual increase of 1–2% in the seventh decade to almost 60% in the 10th decade with doubling every 5 years (Jellinger et al., 2008). AD is incurable, and thus represents a major public health problem. AD represents a challenge to humanity due to its relatively recent discovery, progressive nature of the illness, and complex diagnosis.

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Early diagnosis of dementia can have a huge impact on the individual and their family and friends.

Dementia can be defined as a decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life (alz.org). More than often, individuals affected by dementia are over the age of 65. In the United States, there are more than three million cases of dementia each year. According to World Health Organization, the number of people living with dementia is currently estimated at 47.5 million worldwide and is expected to increase to 75.6 million by 2030 (World Health Organization 2015). Dementia is caused by physical modifications in the brain and is known for loss of memory and mental abilities. It’s a progressive disease which means it gets worse over time. If diagnosed early on, the quality of life for people with dementia as well as their family members can be significantly improved. There are many different types of dementias although some are far more reciprocal than others. One of the most common types of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease. Other few types of dementias are “Vascular dementia, Mixed dementia, Parkinson 's disease and Frontotemporal dementia (Krishnan, D. S)”. All of the various forms of dementia tend to have similar symptoms which consequently makes it hard to determine the type of dementia a patient may be suffering from.

The condition includes those known as Pick’s Disease, Frontal Lobe Degeneration and Dementia associated with Motor Neurone disease.

This website provides useful information into exactly what vascular dementia is and how it is diagnosed, treated and includes statistics and facts. The author compares the differences and similarities between vascular dementia and Alzheimer's. Since I was already planning on comparing between the two diseases, I found it extremely beneficial that this website had already done that as it reduced the number of websites I had to visit. This website belongs to Alzheimer's Australia and is aimed at caregivers and people who have to work and/or live with Alzheimer's patients as well as actual Alzheimer's patients.

This disease is not considering to be the part of normal ageing, while it becomes more prevalent when age increases and therefore, it affects older people (“Dementia (AIHW)”, 2016).

Dementia affects about 3-4 million people in some way, either directly or indirectly. It is becoming more and more common as people are living longer. There is no known cause or cure for this disease, that affects adult’s ages 65-85 years old and is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States.

Dementia is a disease that is seen to be affecting many of our elderly population nowadays. Dementia patients show progressive symptoms, which become severe with age. Some of the symptoms include memory loss, difficulty performing intellectual activities and overall lose of cognition. There are many causes of dementia so therefore the prevalence rate of it is increasing yearly. Dementia can be caused due to genetic vulnerability such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), lifestyle choices and from other chronic disorders, which increase your risk of getting dementia. Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia are the two most prevalent forms of dementia (ref). Dementia is also sometimes related to other genetic disorders such as Parkinson’s disease

Dementia is characterized as a condition where the mental processes of cognition and memory start to deteriorate. It is described as a syndrome that hinders the daily lives of those who have it and is characterized by memory and thinking impairment. The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s Disease and the second most common is vascular dementia. Dementia is a syndrome occurring usually, but not limited, to people over the age of 40 and is due to brain damage caused by natural deteriorating, stroke or can be brought on by factors such as excessive drinking or drug abuse. Dementia is best cared for in its early stages and, therefore, an early diagnosis is essential. Recognizing the symptoms by both the dementia patient and the

Frontotemporal Dementia, also known as Frontotemporal Lobar Degenerations, was first found and described by Arnold Pick, M.D., in 1892. This disorder is a broad term used to characterize multiple uncommon disorders that disturb the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. These areas of the brain are linked to personality, language, and behavior; Pick was able to diagnose the first FTD patient due to the noticeable symptoms that affected speech and language (Alzheimer’s Association, Alz.org). Fragments of the frontal and temporal lobes deteriorate and this is what causes Frontotemporal Dementia to become a serious problem.

The widely researched neurological disease that causes deterioration in a person’s memory known as Alzheimer’s disease also causes impairments in a person’s vision. A symptom experienced by patients who are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease show a decrease in thickness in the retinal-nerve fiber layer and a dysfunction in the person’s visual cognitive area. The cognitive impairments produced by the damage in the patient’s visual cognitive area are the inability to localize objects and the inability to perceive the accurate distance of the object known as visual spatial agnosia. The visual processing system of a patient with Alzheimer’s disease is affected when there is damage to their parietal

With an increase in average human lifespan, dementia has become one of the largest global health concerns of this generation. While scientific advancements assist in alleviating the burden of human disease and average life expectancies currently exceed 80 years in many countries, more and more individuals become susceptible to debilitating neurodegenerative diseases (Dobson et al., 2013). It is estimated that the number of people with dementia worldwide will read 76 million in the next fifteen years and as many

Compromised self-awareness is characteristic of almost all dementias, as well as AD, but the discrepancy is most acute in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). The eminence of frontal pathology in bvFTD proposes that failure of available observing, where the individual monitors their own processing cognitively live (as it is happening), is a serious contributor (Rosen et al., 2014).

Diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Prion, Motor neurone and Huntington’s disease are all examples of neurodegenerative disorders ("What is Neurodegenerative Disease?", 2014), each characterised by different symptoms, causes and treatments. Huntington’s disease is characterised by loss of cognitive function, memory involuntary movements and behavioural disorders however, Alzheimer’s is characterised by loss of mental ability and a decline in cognitive function (Disease, n.d.). Furthermore, this paper will discuss prevalence and incidence rates of neurodegenerative disorders specifically Alzheimer’s and dementia in both Australia and Canada. Additionally, we will also discuss two prevention treatments Deep Brain Stimulation and for neurodegenerative disorders.