Black Holes Essay

Furthermore existence that black holes exist comes from the observations of astronomers of bursts of energy which are detected and then lost. An event horizon is an area of space around a black hole for which nothing can escape, once an object or any matter crosses this event horizon the gravity of the black hole will be too strong for it to escape. As a cloud of gas swirls and nears a black hole, the gases heat up and will emit x-rays. Astronomers have observed instances of several burts of x-rays being detected and then disappearing at areas where black holes are thought to be found. This may be caused by the gases emitting x-rays and then crossing the event horizon and disappearing forever. The observations of these bursts of energy are useful for astronomers in finding black holes.

Way out there in space, there are huge clouds of dust and gas and if one of those clouds of dust and gas is massive enough it's own gravity can causes it to start to collapse. When it collapses, it folds itself towards the center of the cloud, then it get denser and denser and hotter and hotter; eventually the particles of that gas and the dust are made up and brought so close together that they start to stick together. Then they start to fuse, thats the energy source of a star. The star switches and begins to shine. Inside every newborn star, hydrogen atoms are fused together to make helium. This process is called fusion and it creates the energy of every star. A star is a luminous sphere of gas producing its own heat and light by nuclear reactions (nuclear fusion).

Black holes should probably not be called black holes. In fact, black holes are anything but empty space. Black holes are a great amount of matter packed and squeezed into a very small area. The result of this amount of matter squeezed into a small area results in a gravitational field so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape.

The Low mass stars spend there main life as a fusion machine which turns hydrogen into helium and a very slow and methodical pace. When the energy released by this fusion reaches the surface it is released into space and this is the star luminosity. Over a long, long time sometimes billions of years a low mass star consumes the hydrogen in its core and converts it to helium, at which point the core starts to contract and shrink. Once all of the hydrogen inside the stars core begins to become totally exhausted, the core pressure gives way to the crush of gravity because it has no more fusion occurring in its core at that time. As the core shrinks rapidly and the outer layers start to expand the stars shape begins to grow in size and its luminosity becomes extraordinary brighter due to the outer shell starting to produce fusion more rapidly then the core did during the main sequence life of the star. As this situation grows more rapidly and extreme the core starts to rapidly burn again and fuse its core helium into carbon. Then just before its final death the star ejects its outer layers into space. This leaves only the degenerate carbon core and since this core is still very hot it emits intensely powerful ultraviolet radiation and glows brightly in what is known as a planetary nebula. The nebula fades and cools over around a million or so years and we are left with a white dwarf cooling indefinitely till

Type II supernovaes, which are more common, occurs when a star runs out of nuclear fuel and collapses under its own gravity. In a Type II supernovae, once the star’s core surpasses a certain mass (The Chandrasekhar limit) the star begins to impolode. The core then heats up and becomes denser. Eventually the implosion bounces back off the core, expelling the stellar material into space. What’s left is a neutron star.

As the star begins to run out of hydrogen fuel the core inside the star begins to collapse while rising in temperature, which causes the core to heat up rapidly pushing the outer layers of the star outward causing them to expand and cool the star is now a red giant. Average stars like our sun will have a relatively peaceful ending toward the end of their red giant phase. The star begins to pulsate releasing its outer layers resulting in solar winds, as these layers begin to drift away only the core remains, this is considered a white dwarf. Eventually the white dwarf will consume all its energy after this happens it will become a cold black dwarf. Massive stars come to an end much differently, after the high mass star runs out of fuel the outer layers of the star begin to collapse upon the core, and then are released in a massive explosion into the cosmos this is called a supernova. After, either a neutron star or a black hole remains these are vastly different a neutron star is an incredibly dense object made up of sub-atomic particles called

A black hole is a region in space where the pulling force of gravity that is so strong that the region cannot escape. This compression can take place at the end of its stars life. Some black holes are a result of dying stars. How every space telescopes with special instruments can help find black holes. They can observe the behavior of material and stars that are very close to black holes. Black holes can come in a rage of signs, but there are three main types of black holes. The black holes mass and size determins what kind it is. The smallest ones are known as primordial black holes. Scientists believe this type of black hole can be up to 20 times greater than the mass of the sun and fit into a ball of about 10 miles. The largest black holes are called supermassive. Supermassive black holes are at the center of the milky way galaxy is called sagittarius. A black holes gravity can be as strong to pull off the outer layer gass of the star and grow a disk. The

Black holes have been theorized since 1916. However, no scientist has ever discovered a black hole in certainty. In theory, A black hole is created when a star of three or more solar masses collapses. “One solar mass is equal to the mass of the sun,” (Mclintock 1). A star collapses when the outward push of the combustion reaction no longer has the required forces compete with the inward pull of gravity. Most astronomers believe that the Milky Way contains millions of theses invisible devils, which are massive stars that have collapsed. In theory, anything could become a black hole if it were simply compressed into its Schwarzschild radius. For instance, Mount Everest has a Schwarzschild radius that is less than a nanometer,

A blackhole occurs when a giant or supergiant start dies. But before the star dies their is a fusion reaction going on constantly throughout its life time. This fusion reaction can be di erent from star to star ff depending on its age. For a young star the reaction is a proton to proton fusion, a middle aged star can have a carbon reaction and a much older star, which is collapsing on itself has a helium fusion reaction. Once a star has finished reacting all of the helium it has the core begins to 'eat' it's self instead of the helium. This makes the core have a stronger and stronger gravitational pull. After the core has 'eaten or suck up everything into its fusion reaction it collapses due to so much compressed mass in a small space which forms a giant explosion creating a supernova which then turns into a singularity. Thus

The common conceptual intuition of black holes includes the fact that they attract matter with great force in such a manner that it engulfs everything in its proximity. The concept of accretion disks and as we shall see, particles escaping the gravitational potential,

In most cases a star will move into the planetary nebula phase, as an expanding, glowing shell of hot gas also known as plasma. This happens from a low-mass star in the end of their red giant phase, becoming unstable. The exterior layer drifts away from it’s core, which is now consider a white dwarf star, due to stellar winds. If the dying star have a mass of over 8 suns, it will become a supernova. Just like a planetary nebula, the cause of it is when a star runs out of nuclear fuel. From the massive star’s lack of outward pressure to balance its inward gravity, the star collapses into the core expelling a nuclear explosion. Also like the nebula, gas and dusts are scattered around space that will be used for the birth of future stars. At this point, the former supergiant is either a neutron star or a black

They are scattered throughout the galaxies. A stellar black hole is the product of the death of a giant star such as a pulsar or a neutron star. Black holes in general are very rare because most stars are not massive enough to create them. When a star stops producing fusion energy, the equilibrium of the star no longer exists. Without the star producing any fuel, there is no pressure created that can hold the star in place. The pressure that a star creates is used to prevent the gravity from crushing the core. Now that there is no pressure pushing outward, the gravity becomes so violent that it crushes matter to the point that it is completely destroyed. At this point, black holes are born. Black holes are created in rare occasions. During the death of most stars, they slowly dim out or explode into trillions of microscopic particles. For example, the sun, which is a red dwarf, will slowly die out. Eta Carinae on the other hand, located 8,000 light years away from Earth, is likely to explode within the next several hundred thousand

Like our sun, it will eventually run out of hydrogen and helium fuel at the star’s core. However, it will have enough mass and pressure to fuse carbon (S2). Next, over time, heavier elements build up at the center and it becomes layered like an onion (S2). The elements will become lighter and move towards the outside of the star. The core will heat up and become dense. The core will become extremely heavy; so heavy that its gravitational force will not be able withstand it; causing it to explode. The explosion spews out stellar material throughout space

Stellar Black Holes: It is consisted when the middle of a very massive star collapses on itself. This collapse also causes a supernova that explode a part of the star into space. (Mathew,2012)

Indecent bodies like the sun. Stars are made up of big exploding balls of gas, mostly hydrogen and helium. The sun is similarly a star made up of huge amounts of hydrogen, undergoing a continuous nuclear reaction like a hydrogen bomb. Stars come about when vast clouds of hydrogen, helium and dust contract and collapse due to gravity. The clouds came from astronomical plasma from “The Big Bang”, but the dust comes from the supernovae of other stars.