Black Holes
The American scientist John Wheeler coined the phrase “black hole” in 1969 to describe a massively compact star with such a strong gravitational field that light cannot escape. When a star’s central reserve of hydrogen is depleted, the star begins to die. Gravity causes the center to contract to higher and higher temperatures, while the outer regions swell up, and the star becomes a red giant. The star then evolves into a white dwarf, where most of its matter is compressed into a sphere roughly the size of Earth. Some stars continue to evolve, and their centers contract to even higher densities and temperatures until their nuclear reserves are exhausted and only their gravitational energy remain. The core then rushes
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Rays of light leaving a gravitating body are curved, and become more curved as the body shrinks. When the radius of the body is less than the radius of the photon sphere, a radius 1.5 times the Schwartzschild radius where the light rays circularly orbit a black hole, the exit cone begins to close. Rays within the exit cone escape while those outside are trapped and fall back. Since the photon sphere orbits are unstable, if a circulating rays is disturbed slightly, it either spirals around and is captured or spirals out and escapes at radius 3^.5=1.732 times that of the photon sphere. Both redshift and deflection allow no radiation to escape (Harrison 248-250).
At large distances from the black hole, gravity is weak and spacetime is the same as spacetime in special relativity. Close to the black hole, however, spacetime is deformed, causing differences in space and time between the stationary and distant observer. The effect of spacetime curvature near a black hole is such that lightcones are tilted so that the future lightcones tip toward the black hole. At the surface of the black hole (the event horizon), all rays emitted fall into the black hole. And no rays from the past are received from the black hole. A particle passing into a black hole receives no information of what lies ahead, and reaches the singularity in a time t= Rs /c. To a distant observer, however, it takes an infinite time for the
A black hole is a point in space where there is extreme gravitational pull, so extreme that light itself cannot escape. The strength of gravity is so strong due to the fact that an immense amount of matter has been contained in a small space.
This paper will introduce you to the incredible topic which is black holes. A black hole is a region of space time exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing can escape from inside it. (NASA) No human has ever entered a black hole and there is still a large mystery about them; we have very little idea of where the matter that enters them goes. A black hole cannot be looked into either, as it sucks all the light into the middle of it. Space programs use special satellites with certain features that allow them to see these black holes. A black hole can be big or small, sometimes forming when a star is dying. Some scientists speculate that there can be black holes just 1 centimeter large. There are multiple types of
Black holes are some of unusual and most interesting objects found in outer space. The first thing I learned, black holes are objects of the greatest density due to the strong gravity because mater has been squeezed into a tiny space. With the black holes relationships with mass and gravity, they have an extremely powerful gravitational force that even light cannot escape from their grasp if it comes near enough. Second thing I learned is about the inner region of a black hole, where its mass lies, is known as its singularity, the single pint in space-time where the mass of the black hole is concentrated. The third thing I learned that I found the most fascinating is if the earth ever falls into a black hole, one of the effect that will happen is “spaghettification,” which means if objects come too close to a black hole, it will stretch out, just like a spaghetti. This effect is brought about by a gravitational gradient across the object or a body. For example, if earth comes too close to a black hole, the nearest part of the planet will be pulled by an enormous gravitational pull, while leaving the farthest part with a small gravitational force. The fourth thing I learned is that the new hypothesis suggests that anything that touches a black hole will become an
Common types of black holes are produced by certain dying stars. A star with a mass greater than 20 times the mass of our sun can produce a black hole at the end of its life. Black holes are usually only created by the death of a very massive star. When a very massive star dies, it explodes into a supernova. The outer parts of the star are launched violently into space while the core completely collapses under its own weight. If the core remaining after the giant explosion from the supernova is very massive, there
A black hole is a region in space where the pulling force of gravity that is so strong that the region cannot escape. This compression can take place at the end of its stars life. Some black holes are a result of dying stars. How every space telescopes with special instruments can help find black holes. They can observe the behavior of material and stars that are very close to black holes. Black holes can come in a rage of signs, but there are three main types of black holes. The black holes mass and size determins what kind it is. The smallest ones are known as primordial black holes. Scientists believe this type of black hole can be up to 20 times greater than the mass of the sun and fit into a ball of about 10 miles. The largest black holes are called supermassive. Supermassive black holes are at the center of the milky way galaxy is called sagittarius. A black holes gravity can be as strong to pull off the outer layer gass of the star and grow a disk. The
Black holes are associated with the destruction or dying of relatively large stars. Black holes do not happen every time such stars are collapsed. The collapsing of stars mostly result in
“Black holes are perhaps the most exotic objects to impinge on the cosmic consciousness. They are formed when matter such as that from a dying massive star collapses in calamitously under its own gravity. forming a region of space in which the gravitational is so strong that it swallows all matter and radiation that come near it.” - Christopher Reynolds (Anderson, 2010).
Black holes have been theorized since 1916. However, no scientist has ever discovered a black hole in certainty. In theory, A black hole is created when a star of three or more solar masses collapses. “One solar mass is equal to the mass of the sun,” (Mclintock 1). A star collapses when the outward push of the combustion reaction no longer has the required forces compete with the inward pull of gravity. Most astronomers believe that the Milky Way contains millions of theses invisible devils, which are massive stars that have collapsed. In theory, anything could become a black hole if it were simply compressed into its Schwarzschild radius. For instance, Mount Everest has a Schwarzschild radius that is less than a nanometer,
A blackhole occurs when a giant or supergiant start dies. But before the star dies their is a fusion reaction going on constantly throughout its life time. This fusion reaction can be di erent from star to star ff depending on its age. For a young star the reaction is a proton to proton fusion, a middle aged star can have a carbon reaction and a much older star, which is collapsing on itself has a helium fusion reaction. Once a star has finished reacting all of the helium it has the core begins to 'eat' it's self instead of the helium. This makes the core have a stronger and stronger gravitational pull. After the core has 'eaten or suck up everything into its fusion reaction it collapses due to so much compressed mass in a small space which forms a giant explosion creating a supernova which then turns into a singularity. Thus
Black holes are a staple in the study of our unknown universe. The current understanding of general relativity allows something like a black hole to exist due to the strange properties surrounding them, as well as the effects on their surroundings. Black holes are defined by Chaisson's Astronomy as "a region of space where the pull of gravity is so great that nothing, not even light can escape" (Chaisson, 2013). This definition is very broad, simply stating the effects of what we call a black hole. Indeed, there is a lot of thoughtful assuming done when discussing this phenomena, however, what if everything we thought we knew about black holes was wrong and black holes didn't actually exists. That is exactly what a small group of scientists and astronomers think is the case.
There is proof that black holes do eventually disappear. But for most black holes this time for them to disappear is unimaginably long. But if there were to ever be a black hole the size of a cruise ship it would evaporate in the time of seconds. Because the flash of light that is created from all the light that is on a subatomic level being created or destroyed. This is irrelevant to any black holes in the universe because there is no known black holes the size of a cruise ship and the temperature that this light gives of is almost zero degrees and the energy loss is
Mysteries of black holes always unknown as in where they come from. “Black holes form when the center of a massive star collapses in on itself.” When this occurs, it causes a supernova. A supernova is a star that increases greatly in brightness because of a catastrophic explosion that ejects most of its mass. The parts left over from the supernova collapse in onto itself forming a black hole. This well-known black hole is called a stellar mass black hole. “Scientists believe supermassive black holes have formed at
As more material is pulled into a black hole, it grows bigger and its gravity strengthens (Sipiera 29). Also, a black hole’s gravitational pull is so strong that light can even be pulled into the hole (Jefferis 4). Next, black holes are the last step of the life of a star. Although a black hole’s gravity is strong, only a small part of space will be swallowed. Because black holes are able to pull light into themselves, they cannot be seen. These are a few of the facts that scientists have uncovered.
The year is 2185, scientists have just discovered how to teleport to any location in space in a blink of an eye. They have created a machine that can harness the abilities of a black hole to bend space time. This new invention revolutionizes the world and brings interstellar travel to mankind. Technology advances faster than ever and new discoveries are being made every day. Humans create an infinite energy source that will never run out and extend the human life. These abilities come from a wormhole in the center of a black hole. At this point in life’s existence, people have been able to look inside of a black hole which was thought to never be possible. While this may seem like a crazy science fiction novel that would only be seen in movies, it is theoretically possible in the universe. Black Holes are incredibly massive and mysterious, and could give mankind the answers to life’s biggest issues.
“And. . And you should. . .” But Daniel trailed off, with his partially drunken state of mind, he couldn't exactly think of a clever comeback and decided not to speak at all. Cam snickers and looks up at the doors as the elevator halts to a stop on the third floor, “Alright, come on princess.” Cam teases, wrapping his arm back around Daniel as he slightly stumbles forward and holds him by his side as he had before. By the time they had gotten to the room, Daniel seemed to be able to walk – Somewhat – on his own, tearing away from Cam's embrace once they were inside the room.