Are all black holes the same?
Introductionhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/PIA16695-BlackHole-Corona-20130227.jpg
Once confined to science fiction and a mere mathematical prediction in general relativity by Einstein in 1916 (although he didn’t believe they were possible) and still believed theoretical only 30 years ago, black holes are now believed to be in among the millions within the Universe. Furthermore latest research predicts there is one in the centre of most galaxies and they are seen as the ultimate governing body in the formation and destruction of the galaxy. But are these black holes fundamentally different to others within the galaxy? [1]
Formation
There are three main categories when
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For smaller stars when the nuclear fuel is exhausted and there are no more nuclear reactions opposing gravity the repulsive forces among the electrons within the star eventually generate enough pressure to prevent further gravitational collapse. The star then starts to cool and “die peacefully” comparatively, this type of star is called a white dwarf. When a very massive star about fifteen times the mass of the Sun collapses after it has exhausted its nuclear fuel it explodes as a supernova (currently the largest explosions that are known to take place in space) eventually forming a black hole. [1.1][2]
The second type is supermassive black holes which tend to be around 100 million times the mass of the Sun, these are believed to be found at the centre of most galaxies, with our own galaxy the Milky Way having a supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* with a mass of 4 million times the mass of the Sun at its centre. There are many theories as to how supermassive black holes are formed and astrophysicists are yet to agree on a consensus theory.[2][4]
One popular theory that involves a large gas cloud which before the first stars were formed which collapsed into a quasi-star. With an initial mass of that of around 20 solar masses meaning the supermassive black hole starts off as an intermediate black hole and whether it will develop into a supermassive black hole
Another thing that makes a black hole a black is the size. The size of black holes depend on the mass size. From smallest to largest size, Primordial being the smallest being almost as tiny as a single atom. Stellar is the middle sized black hole, abling the mass to be up to twenty times larger than the mass of the sun. Super massive the largest form of a black hole have masses which are able to be greater than one million suns joined together (Dunbar,
Although the basic formation process is understood, one perennial mystery in the science of black holes is that they appear to exist on two radically different size scales. On the one end, there are the countless black holes that are the remnants of massive stars. Peppered throughout the Universe, these "stellar mass" black holes are generally 10 to 24 times as massive as the Sun. Astronomers spot them when another star draws near enough for some of the matter surrounding it to be snared by the black hole 's gravity, churning out x-rays in the process. Most stellar black holes, however, lead isolated lives and are impossible to detect. Judging from the number of stars large enough to produce such black holes, however, scientists estimate that there are as many as ten million to a billion such black holes in the Milky
Black holes are a staple in the study of our unknown universe. The current understanding of general relativity allows something like a black hole to exist due to the strange properties surrounding them, as well as the effects on their surroundings. Black holes are defined by Chaisson's Astronomy as "a region of space where the pull of gravity is so great that nothing, not even light can escape" (Chaisson, 2013). This definition is very broad, simply stating the effects of what we call a black hole. Indeed, there is a lot of thoughtful assuming done when discussing this phenomena, however, what if everything we thought we knew about black holes was wrong and black holes didn't actually exists. That is exactly what a small group of scientists and astronomers think is the case.
The common conceptual intuition of black holes includes the fact that they attract matter with great force in such a manner that it engulfs everything in its proximity. The concept of accretion disks and as we shall see, particles escaping the gravitational potential,
The formation of supermassive black holes has been questioned in physics since the day of their discovery. Just how is something so large and powerful formed? Are they a danger to us? What lies beyond the event horizon? These are all questions that have been asked and not yet answered by astrophysicists. The first step to completely understanding these obscure creatures is finding out how they form, today's physicists are working endlessly to find an answer. Previous theories stating that supermassive black holes developed over time by ingesting large quantities of gas, have recently been found to be wrong. The most recent developing theory describes supermassive black holes forming by observing other black holes. There are two versions of
Despite its invisible interior, the presence of a black hole can be inferred through its intersection with other matter and with electronic radiation such as visible light. Matter that falls into a black hole can form an external accretion disk heated by friction, forming some of the brightest objects in the universe. If there are other stars orbiting a black hole, their orbits can be used to determine the black holes mass and location. Such observations can be used to exclude possible alternatives such as neutron stars. In this way, astronomers have identified numerous stellar black hole candidates in binary systems, and established that the radio source known as sagittarius. At the core of our own Milky Way galaxy contains a supermassive black hole of about 4.3 million solar masses. On February 11th, 2016 the LIGO collaboration announced the first observation of gravitational waves; because these waves were generated from a black hole merger it was the first ever direct attention of a binary black hole
When many people think of black holes they think of a giant portal in space eating galaxies and moving on to the next as most commonly seen in pop culture shows such as Star Trek. The reality is however that while we spend a lot of time studying them we know very little about Black holes. What we do know is that there are two types of black holes based on their relative size, there are Stellar black holes and Supermassive black holes. Stellar black holes are only a few times larger than our sun while Supermassive black holes are about a billion times larger than our sun. Both types of black hole are formed when a star implodes and there is nothing left to burn. This can be seen by observing how light and matter cooperate with the event horizon, a second way to detect black holes is through X-Rays by noticing when stars rotate around a gap in space. By studying the speed of stars orbiting, and calculating their paths it is possible to determine the mass and size of a black hole. Using these pieces of evidence we can determine that stellar black holes do exist and
Black holes are born by using many of the star's energy so it can evolve.Black holes you can rarely find them in space they are, so common in space that they are hard to find and since space is really dark than black holes are going to be even harder to find. The way black holes form is by them beginning of as a star and then using all the other stars energy to start evolving and growing bigger. And the cycle is pretty complicated because it will take days to gather enough energy from all the other stars it may even take years for the black hole too become an adult. When the black hole takes up all the energy from the star the star breaks up into a million pieces maybe chances of creating another star. Black holes are mostly stars but bigger and filled with energy from millions of
Black holes are born from the aftermath of a supernova. But supernovas can also turn into neutron stars if there is not enough mass to make a black hole because a neutron star just does not have the amount of matter to make a black hole it still has an extremely high gravitational pull and magnetic field. A black hole has such a high gravitational pull that light can not even escape. The reason for a black hole’s extremely high gravitational pull is that it has a great extent of mass packed into a tiny space that it makes a super gravitational pull (Dunbar, Brian). So because of the super high gravity black holes are extremely dangerous and hard to examine.
Black holes are formed by an interesting phenomenon. When stars collapse on themselves, they create what we know as black holes. This collapse can cause a giant supernova, which can blast a part of the star into space. This largest black holes astronomers believe, were created when the “Big Bang” happened. This means black holes grow over time.
Black holes had always piqued my interests, from when a small child intently devoured documentary to documentary to when a confused teenager encapsulated herself in a black hole of her own. The science of the black hole transfixed my childhood sense of curiosity, but especially the point that the scientific world labeled the “singularity”, the point at which gravity became infinite.
The formation of this star is determined with the size of the stellar core. For example, the black hole formed if the stellar core is larger as compared to the solar masses leading to a complete collapse of the stellar core. Black hole is dense object with strong gravity
There are two types of black holes that exist in our universe. The first one being the Schwarzschild black hole which happens to be the simplest one of the two. This black hole is considered the simplest because its core does not rotate which means the black hole is completely stable at all times of the day. The next black hole is the Kerr black hole, which happens to be the most common in nature. This black hole in contrast to the Schwarzschild black hole does indeed rotate. When the rotating star dies out and collapses, the core continues to rotate and therefore, that carries over to the black hole. Scientists believe that the smallest black holes formed when the actual universe formed and began. They also have been led to believe that the supermassive black holes that exist in our universe were made at the same time as the galaxy that they
They have no specified mass or size. To this date astronomers have only found evidence of black holes in two circumstances. However the gravitational pull of the black hole is so strong that nothing can escape from it, not even light. This image shows a star being sucked in by the black hole. Black holes are so dense that the density cannot be measured, they also disfigure the around it, and often sucks matter into them including star no matter how big they are. By definition black holes do not give any light but when the black hole pulls the star towards itself and tears it apart, the matter of the star it goes to the black hole, the matter gets faster and hotter and glows. Black holes are weird and if you get too close to them they are dangerous. Suppose one person is falling into a black hole while another person watches him fall. The closer the person comes to the black hole the slower his time will run as for the person watching the other person fall into the black hole his tome will run at a normal pace but the time for the person falling into the black hole will become slower. However, black holes do have a life and do not live forever, as the black hole radiates energy it shrink, it radiates more and shrinks, and finally it reaches at a point where it completely
These clumps are shaped into disks and, after approximately one million years, a protostar will form in its center. Protostars continue to run off the same gravitational energy that was released by the initial collapse and continue to suck in dusty material from the space around itself. Once protostars are hot and dense enough to burn Hydrogen and Helium in their core they enter the main sequence period of their lives (NASA). Now, we can classify these stars further based on their masses.