Activity 1.3.1: Student Response Sheet
PART A- Restriction Enzymes
Restriction enzymes are a tool that allows us to pinpoint human identity down to single differences in our DNA. Work through the following simulation so you can see these molecular scissors in action.
Find out more about restriction enzymes by viewing the animation and reading the article listed below.
DolanDNALearningCenter: Restriction Enzymes http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/resources/restriction.html
Access Excellence Classic Collection: Restriction Enzymes Background Paper http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/CC/restriction.php
1. From what organism are restriction enzymes derived? What role do these enzymes play in this natural host?Phages. Enzymes
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Beneath each strand indicate the number of fragments that would be created and also the size of each fragment (in base pairs). Some of the pieces will have bases overhanging the edge. Use only the bases that are paired up when completing your count. For example, for a piece that looks like
ATTCAACCC
GTTGGGAA
the size of the fragment would be listed as 6 base pairs (6bp).
Person 1:
GGAATTAAGCTTATTG-AATTCTTATAG-AATTCGGGGCCCAAGCTTATG-AATTCAATT
CCTTAATTCGAATAACTTAA-GAATATCTTAA-GCCCCGGGTTCGAATACTTAA-GTTAA
Number of restriction fragments (pieces of DNA after digestion): ___4
Size of restriction fragments (in bp) - listed from largest to smallest
16;7;17;5
______________________________________________________________________
Person 2:
CCATATAG-AATTCAAGCTTAAG-AATTCGGGGGAACGTTG-AATTCAATTAATTGGG
GGTATATCTTAA-GTTCGAATTCTTAA-GCCCCCTTGCAACTTAA-GTTAATTAACCC
Number of restriction fragments (pieces of DNA after digestion): ___4______
Size of restriction fragments (in bp) - listed from largest to smallest
________8;10;13;12______________________________________________________________
PART B: Gel Electrophoresis of Restriction Fragments
After you have reviewed the principles of electrophoresis, use what you know to complete the following:
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+
2. Place a large“+” on the end of the gel diagram where the positive electrode would go. Place a large
Remember, smaller fragments travel farther than longer ones, so the top-most band will be the 1,000 bp fragments while the bottom-most band will be the 50 bp fragments.
In recent years, it has become an increasingly popular practice for drug companies to perform their clinical testing of new drugs in foreign countries that might not have the consumer protections or product liability laws present in the United States. Please answer each of the following questions using a theory studied in Module 2 specifically and thoroughly and using examples and facts from the readings and resources.
2. Working according to the agreed ways means following the organisation’s policy and procedures in relation to pressure areas. It also means following the individual care plans and respecting the instructions in place. For example making sure a resident is turned every two hours, applying Cavilon cream on areas; fill in turning charts, prompt fluid intake. Under the duty of care a care assistant must always be aware of and raise concerns regarding possible pressure areas. Always record information in care plans accurately and in confidentiality.
1. Explain what functions racial beliefs serve for the dominant group according to the functionalist perspective. Conversely, explain what dysfunctions to society are caused by prejudice and discrimination.
C. Pour about one quarter of the first unknown packet into the first cup and add
Raff also speaks of high failure rates of Hispanics but he fails to account for any success of
8. When finished recording your numbers from the two trail experiments take the average of each trial and compare the final results.
Figure 1 contains gel electrophoresis for protein samples. The lanes were labeled from 1 to 10 from the right to the left. Lane 1 contained the ladder fragment. Lane 2 contained the filtrate. Lane 3 contained the S1 sample. Lane 4 contained the P1 sample. Lane 5 contained the P1 medium salt sample. Lane 6 contained the P1 high salt sample. Lane 7 contained the S2 sample. Lane 8 contained the P2 sample. Lane 9 contained the P2 medium salt sample. Lane 10 contained the P2 high salt sample.
1.1) Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth to 19 years.
Enzymes are very specific protein because they contain one active site on their surface that
In my opinion, a lot of people in foreign countries are uneducated and therefore, may not fully understand the risks, complications and side effects of these experimental drugs. If they do not have the means to adequately research the drug prior to testing it, they may end up doing so without fully understanding what potential side effects are involved. I am not sure how well companies educate these foreign countries and or people involved in the case study. If these people are not educated properly than it is unethical for them to test experimental drugs on them.
A basic method in which we get specific genes integrated with another organism’s chromosome is as follows: Isolate the DNA from which selected gene is to be taken from and treat it with enzymes that will cut out that specific gene. These genes are then inserted into bacteria and grown into colonies being
Restriction enzymes cut DNA at certain sites to create multiple DNA fragments. Restriction enzyme HindIII has known DNA fragment lengths and recognition sites when digesting lambda DNA, while the lambda DNA recognition site for restriction enzyme XhoI is unknown. The goal of this study is to determine the lambda recognition site of XhoI by comparing a HindIII digest and a HindIII and XhoI double digest on an electrophoresis gel. The HindIII digest had a band at 9.4 kb, but this band was not visible in the double digest, therefore we concluded the recognition site for XhoI was around 9.4kb. There were also two additional DNA
Silver sulfadiazine, a white, highly insoluble compound, was first synthesized by Fox in 1968 from silver nitrate and sodium sulfadiazine(45).
Analysis of DNA from practicals 1 and 2 using the technique of agarose gel electrophoresis and analysis of transfomed E. coli from practical 2 (part B)