u10a1_Andrea Steht

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Apr 3, 2024

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Using Technology in Social Work Practice Andrea Steht Department of Public Service, Capella University SWK 5016: Integrative Technology in Advanced Social Work Practice Dr. Griselda Villalobos June 16, 2023

Using Technology in Social Work Practice Social Injustice The juvenile justice system was first developed in the early 19 th century as part of the Progressive Era reforms. Before this, children as young as 7 could be sentenced to prison or even death. In the 1990s less than one-tenth of encounters with police concerned violent crimes. The rest were status crimes and traffic offenses . Some examples of status crimes are running away from home, breaking curfew, underage drinking, and general incorrigibility. Criminal delinquency cases are those that, if committed by an adult, would be a crime ( Juvenile crime, juvenile justice 2001). The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 established programs to evaluate those in juvenile delinquency placements, and to evaluate the programs that existed at that time. In Illinois, the Illinois Coalition for Community Services (ICCS) uses a grant to counsel kids, ages 11-17, who have run away from home, or their parents have locked them out. This is just one program to keep runaway kids out of juvenile detention centers, and away from the justice system’s revolving door. Grants like these need to be talked about so that organizations like ICCS can use them to reach more at-risk youth. The grant used by ICCS is through the Annie E. Casey Foundation (AECF), along with a few other grants they have funding through. The AECF also has the Juvenile Detention Alternative Initiative (JDAI), whose goal is to reduce the reliance on detention centers. The AECF (2020) found that pretrial juvenile detention increases the odds of felony recidivism by 33% and misdemeanor recidivism by 11%. Juveniles face pretrial juvenile detention to make sure youth are present for court hearings. According to the AECF (2020), in 2018, there were about 750,000 youth referred to juvenile courts nationwide for crimes that broke criminal code, while another 101,000 were referred for status crimes. Of those 851,000 juveniles, 220,000 were adjudicated delinquent (same as guilty

in adult court), and 62,000 were locked-up. According to Buchanan et al. (2020), as of 2018, juvenile courts diverted 43% of cases to community-based services. The number of detained youths dropped 42% since 2010, and approximately one third of adjudicated youths receive out- of-home commitments. The COVID-19 pandemic had an astounding impact on the juvenile justice system. Due to the stay-at-home orders, and adults not working outside the home, youth had more supervision and less opportunities for delinquent behavior. Much of youth delinquency happens in small groups. “Delinquency is a social activity. Social control theories suggest that parental supervision and monitoring are key protective factors against juvenile delinquency (Buchanan et al., 2020).” With schools, retail places, parks, etc. closed and social distancing/stay-at-home orders, youth were forced to stay home, with parents/guardians present to supervise them. There were less encounters with law enforcement, and a dramatic decrease in confinement. The COVID-19 pandemic helped to shed light on the systemic social inequalities and disparities in the privilege to not only avoid the justice system, but COVID-19 as well. Youth who are justice- system involved tend to be in poorer health and at higher risk of infection from the virus. COVID-19 infections in jails and prisons rose rapidly, including those in juvenile confinements. These youth faced quarantines that mimicked solitary confinement; this isolation is known to have long-lasting effects on anyone, especially higher-risk youths. The trauma youth face when they are incarcerated can be slightly decreased by family visits. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic these visits were stopped due to the risk of spreading the virus. Some youths were able to have virtual visits, but many youths did not see family members for a year or more, increasing the trauma experienced. The fear of the COVID-19 pandemic caused some

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