PSY502 final

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Psychology

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History and Systems of Psychology Final 1 History and Systems of Psychology Final

History and Systems of Psychology Final 2 Influences on developmental psychology The history of psychology has influenced different schools of thought, but it has particularly influenced child psychology. Child (or developmental) psychology began in the later nineteenth century, but blossomed in the twentieth century. Child psychology aims to understand and explain how physical, emotional, and social aspects develop through a person’s earlier life (Cairns, 1997). It began with Charles Darwin who started to monitor the development and behavior of his children as if they were test subjects (Cairns, 1997). He created the theory of evolution saying development occurred through natural selection, which is a process of inheriting certain traits in order for one to adapt and survive (Cairns, 1997). His emphasis on adaptation became an important influence on developmental psychology. Following Darwin was Stanley Hall who lead the child study movement (Cairns, 1997). This movement was a major influence for this field and focused on scientific observation of children (Cairns, 1997). It called for educational reform, establishment of child norms, and initiated further research on development (Cairns, 1997). Furthermore, behaviorism influenced child psychology as well. Behaviorism is the study of human behavior and how it is learned (Cairns, 1997). This theory believed that a child can be understood by the ways of how they learn (Cairns, 1997). So, by observing how a child behaves and interacts with his environment, a person can analyze the thoughts of that child (Cairns, 1997). Behaviorism influenced child psychology greatly because it became widely accepted and is still used today for children in places such as school, daycares, or therapy sessions (Cairns, 1997). Zeitgeist’s impact on future psychology

History and Systems of Psychology Final 3 A zeitgeist is what the wide held views and opinions of society are during a certain period of time. As time moves forward and society evolves, the zeitgeist changes and impacts all fields, psychology being one of them. COVID-19 being a pandemic that had (and is still having) a major influence on society is changing the world. It started off with everyone being stuck in their houses for weeks (or months depending where you lived) for quarantine. This was the first change to the future of psychology. With people being isolated and social distanced, it meant less human interaction (Stringer, 2021). The pandemic having people isolated and not socializing as much due to the fear of illness and death led to a significant increase in mental health issues such as depression (Stringer, 2021). It made things difficult for society because without being able to leave the house, but also being consumed by global depression, this created an issue for therapy. People were mandated to social distance, so the question was how do we help depression without being able to talk to people face to face in therapy (Stringer, 2021). This influenced the future of psychology by beginning a new era of virtual therapy (Stringer, 2021). People are now able to attend sessions through a computer or phone. This can go a few ways for people. The first is it can negatively impact psychology because without being face to face it takes away certain aspects to therapy such as body language (which can no longer be detected), or using play therapy for kids (which can no longer be a method used) (Stringer, 2021). On the other hand, it can be a positive influence on the future of psychology because people who are anxious about face to face communication can now be at ease (Stringer, 2021). Another positive influence is that it makes it more convenient for people to attend therapy (Stringer, 2021). For example, a mom who can’t leave her kids home alone, or a person can have a therapist that is even in another state, or simply a person can contact their therapist more frequently due to it being

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