7709 week 9

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1 Verbal Operants SHARON N. TECHU Capella University PSY7709 – Advanced Concepts in Applied Behavior Analysis Dr. Lisa Sabato 3/10/2024

2 There are four main verbal operant behaviors. Verbal operant behavior is “a unit of analysis consisting of the relations between behavior, motivative and discriminative variables, and consequences” (Sundberg, 2001). B.F. Skinner defines a total of 7 operant behaviors, but for the focus of this study, I will define only four. I chose the four operant behaviors for this paper: tacting, echoic, intraverbal, and manding. I see these four the most in my work as a Registered Behavior Technician. Verbal Operant Grid As a result of… One has a tendency to… Verbal Operant Walking outside Say “it is so sunny” TACT Friend says “cool” Say “cool” ECHOIC Wait staff says “What can I get you?” Say “pizza” INTRAVERBAL Co-worker hands you a paper Says “can I have a pen?” MAND Explanation

3 1. The first operant I will define is tacting. Tacting is when a speaker can verbally identify items, edibles, and other objects in the environment around them defined by Cooper (2019). This definition helps clarify tacting because it must be clear that tacting is an independent response from the speaker. It must also be understood that tacting consists of a “functional control of a nonverbal discriminative stimulus (SD) and a history of conditioned reinforcement (Sr)” (Cooper, 2019). An example of a tact will be walking out on a sunny day and saying, its hot outside or saying “it’s sunny” 2. Echoic is a duplic relation that also has formal similarities to the responses. To further explain this verbal operant, an example would be when a mother tells a child to “say apple,” and then the child repeats “apple.” When you are using an echoic verbal operant, the listener mimics the same word or phrase to the speaker. Echoic uses point to point correspondence to ensure that the results reflect the SD placed. For example “Say bag” and the response is “bag”. The exact repetition of the word or phrase makes it echoic. 3. The intraverbal operant behavior is “answering questions, telling stories, and recalling memories” (Cooper, 2019). This operant behavior is also relevant to a generalized reinforcement history. There is also no point-to-point correspondence with the stimulus. An example would be when someone asks what’s your name? and the response will be Sharon. 4. Out of all the operants, this is one that I see the most with my client's next to echoic and tacting. Manding is when a client is motivated for anything they find reinforcing that will use different forms of requesting the reinforcement. Some examples of requesting would be “words,

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