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Apr 28, 2024

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Literature Review Template Complete the following after finding your four articles. Article 1 1

APA-formatted reference: Meral. K. , Mehmet F. B., Catherine S. C., & Nichola B.(2023). Evaluating the efficacy of Online Verbal Behaviour Training to ABA-Practitioners working with autistic individuals. International Journal of Educational Research, 117( 102126). Dependent Variable The dependent variable was participant performance on a bespoke Verbal Behaviour Knowledge Evaluation Test (Koldas et al, 2023) Independent Variable The independent variable was the online training platform (Koldas et al, 2023) Single-Subject Design The study was conducted over a 7-week period using a quasi-experimental design (QED) that included a control and an experimental group that were as similar as possible in terms of population, by matching particular factors. (Koldas et al, 2023) Data Collection Procedure and Interobserver Agreement Method Data collection for this exercise was done through an online portal and observers recorded a 100% assimilated observation from participants on all videos presented. The IOA was calculated by using the following formula: procedural integrity = number of correct steps/numbers of total steps x100. The mean IOA across six sessions was 96% (range 90– 100%). (Koldas et al, 2023) Validity 2

After studying this literature, researchers concluded that there was over 80% agreement from participants who found the online learning platform effective for learning the Verbal Behavior approach. They were willing to recommend this training to others . Similarly, an average of 88% agreed that online Verbal Behavior training had increased their confidence as a teacher. Importantly, all participants have agreed that the material and the videos were useful, and the trainer prepared the content clearly . Analysis of this data indicates that the improvement in the experimental groups’ knowledge of VB was maintained four weeks after completing the training. (Koldas et al, 2023) Conclusions The study concludes that an average of 88% agreed that this training increased their confidence as a teacher. In addition, 100% of participants determined that the material was useful, and the trainer prepared the content clearly. The results show that the online training platform was a socially acceptable and manageable way to learn the VB approach, and 88% of participants agreed that they would recommend online training to others. (Koldas et al, 2023) Article 2 3

APA-formatted reference: Anthony T. F.I, David A. W, Kristin M, Yanerys L, Stephanie S, & Rebecka R. (2012). An Evaluation of Evidence-based interventions to increase compliance among children with autism . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 4( 45) 859–863. Dependent Variable Non compliance among children with autism (Fischetti et al, 2012) Independent Variable The independent variables used were differential reinforcement, two-step guided compliance, plus reduction is response effort. (Fischetti et al, 2012) Single-Subject Design Observers used a triat-by-trial design to record participants’ responses. (Fischetti et al, 2012) Data Collection Procedure and Interobserver Agreement Method For this research, data was collected for a minimum of 50% of sessions for each participant. Two observers simultaneously but independently recorded participants’ responses on a trial- by-trial basis. Integrity according to the data was 100% across all conditions and participants. (Fischetti et al, 2012) Validity The study was conducted to examine non compliance exhibited by children when asked to 4

relinquish a preferred toy. Children should be able to relinquish preferred items during treatment to enable focus and establish control of given reinforcers. Results indicated that effort reduction alone was ineffective and that each participant’s compliance improved after exposure to a different intervention; these results highlight the need to individualize treatments for compliance. (Fischetti et al, 2012) Conclusions Results indicated that effort reduction alone was ineffective and that each participant’s compliance improved after exposure to a different intervention. Thus differential reinforcement and guided compliance are most convenient in reducing non compliance among children with autism. (Fischetti et al, 2012) Article 3 5

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