Physics Lab 11 (1)
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Apr 3, 2024
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Physics 2021
Group: Kaya Brown and Amelia Maughan
Lab 11: Beats and Doppler Effect
Goals
The goal of this lab is to utilize created and identified beats to gain a better understanding
of the concepts of wave superposition and interference. Another goal of this lab is to observe
frequency shifts and Doppler shifts to find the speed of an object. In this experiment, the speed
of objects and sound will be calculated based on changes to frequency.
Procedure
In Part I, two loudspeakers were connected to Pasco and the frequency and volume of the
speakers was manipulated. The beats produced by the speakers were observed and the
theoretical beat frequencies were calculated. Two waveforms were set up to visualize the sound
being produced by the speakers using the calculated beat frequencies. The superposition was
obtained from the resulting purple wave of the two source waves from the speakers. The beat
frequencies were adjusted and the change in sound was observed. The waves were traced and
the constructive and destructive interferences were labeled. In Part IIa, on a phone, a tone was
generated in phyphox and the frequency was observed. A table and graph were constructed
showing frequency versus time for the movement of the phone. In Part IIb, the speakers were set
to 1000 Hz and the amplitude was increased. On a phone, “Doppler effect” was selected in
phyphox. The speaker sound source was turned on and the phone was moved towards and away
from the source. A graph was constructed showing the frequency versus time of the Doppler
shifts. A table was constructed showing the peak frequency shifts and calculated speed from the
Doppler equation.
Error and Precautions
A possible source of error could have been excessive background noise while collecting
data for the Doppler effect in phyphox. If there was background noise, such as tones from other
experiments or talking, this would change the measured frequency and give false data. Another
possible source of error could have been not moving the phone quickly enough towards and
away from the sound source to properly produce data for the Doppler effect.
Results
Figure 1.1 Wave Interference with Frequencies Set at F1 = 480 Hz and F2 = 500 Hz
f
1
- f
2
= 480 Hz - 500 Hz = -20 Hz
Figure 1.2 Wave Interference with Frequencies Set at F1 = 280 Hz and F2 = 250 Hz
f
1
- f
2
= 280 Hz - 250 Hz = 30 Hz
Figure 2: Doppler Effect Frequency vs. Time Doppler Shifts
f
observed
= f
source
(
? ± ?
𝑜??𝑒??𝑒?
? ± ?
?𝑜???𝑒
)
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Related Questions
Grade 10 P1 September 2021
Physical Sciences
Amathole East District
QUESTION 1 (Multiple cholcs questions)
Various options have been provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the answer and write only the letter (A - D) next to the question numbers
(1.1 to 1.5)
1.1 Wavelength divided by period is...
A Frequency
IAmplitude
C Wave spoed
D Distance
wave, the particles oscillate in the parallel
1.2. In a lan
direction to the wave direction
A Transverse
B Electromagnetic
C Water
D Longitudinal
1.3
A lost boy cries out for help next to the cliff and the echo of his voice took 3
from the cliff
to returm to him, the boy was at a distance of
A 1029m
3 343m
C 514.5m
D 331m
arrow_forward
Calculate the wavelengths in air at 20°C for sounds
in the maximum range of human hearing. The
speed of sound in air is 343 m/s.
Part A
Calculate the wavelength of a 20-Hz wave.
Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.
Alow =
Submit
Part B
Ti
μA
Value
Request Answer
Units
ΜΑ
?
Calculate the wavelength of a 20,000-Hz wave.
Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.
?
arrow_forward
3 Wave properties
A sinusoidal wave, graphed above at time t = 0 seconds, travels right with velocity 8.0 m/s.
Being sure to specify units...
t = 0
y
v = 8 m/s
-7 m
Problem 3.1. What is this wave's amplitude ym?
Problem 3.2. What is its wavelength \?
Problem 3.3. What is its wavenumber k?
5 m
x
arrow_forward
Observational experiment: Interactions of wave pulses
Here, we'll explore what happens when two waves encounter each other in the same medium.
1. Observe and describe what happens when two pulses (coming from opposite directions) meet. Make sure your description is as
detailed as possible, including: What happens to the wavelength of the wave that results when two waves of equal wavelength
overlap? And, what happens to the amplitude of the resulting wave when two waves overlap? Support your answer with specific
evidence.
в I U
8 D fx
Qave Superposition 1
240 frames per second
8x slow motion
Direct Measurement Video
© 2015 Peter Bohacek ISD197
TRIAL
Change
trial 1
arrow_forward
Waves in a Pool O
While in the pool, you splash water and produce a wave that
completes 3 complete cycles in 2 seconds. The pool is 24 meters
long. Use the diagram below to help you answer the following
questions.
The frequency of the waves are
type your answer.
Hz.
Pool
Pool
Side
Side
24 meters
arrow_forward
Sound Wave The oscillations in air pressure representing the sound wave for a musi-cal tone can be modeled by the equation y =0.05 sin (500pt + 10p), where y is the
sound pressure in pascals after t seconds.a. Sketch the graph of one complete cycle of the sound wave.b. What is the phase?
arrow_forward
A wave has angular frequency 26.0 rad/s and
wavelength 1.40 Im.
Part A
What is its wave number?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
HA
Value
Units
Submit
Previous Answers Request Answer
arrow_forward
Waves in a Pool O
While in the pool, you splash water and produce a wave that
completes 3 complete cycles in 2 seconds. The pool is 24 meters
long. Use the diagram below to help you answer the following
questions.
The velocity of the waves are
type your answer.
m/s.
Pool
Pool
Side
Side
24 meters
arrow_forward
A state highway patrol car radar unit uses a frequency of
6.50x10° Hz .
Part A
What frequency difference will the unit detect from a car receding at a speed of 64.5 m/s from a stationary patrol car?
?
Af =
Hz
Submit
Request Answer
Provide Feedback
arrow_forward
When the Hokee fish migrates from deep Pacific waters to the west coast of North America each summer, the males begin singing their "love song", which some describe as sounding like a
low-pitched motorboat. The love song consists of a single note: the A flat (A) three octaves lower than the middle A in the table shown below. This frequency is the same in seawater and air.
What is the wavelength of the Hokee fish's song in seawater if the speed of sound in seawater is 1531 m/s? (enter your answer with 4 significant figures)
possibly useful: v = Af
TABLE 14-3 Chromatic Musical Scale
Note
Frequency (Hz)
Middle C
261.7
C(C-sharp)
D (D-flat)
277.2
293.7
D*, E
311.2
E
329.7
349.2
370.0
G
392.0
G*, A
415.3
440.0
A*, B
466.2
493.9
523.3
arrow_forward
1. The witch of Agnesi curve shown in red in the diagram below is used to model water waves and the
distributions of spectral lines
The parametric pair describing what you see is: x = 2a tan(@t) and y= 2a cos²(@t) where a is
the radius of the circle and w the angular velocity the circle is "traveling" at. Both a and a are
10
constants.
dy
y'. Simplify this expression in terms of sin(@t) and cos(@t).
d x
1.1 Determine an expression for
1.2 Determine the acceleration vector a for the parametric pair. Simplify your vector in terms of
sin(@t) and cos(@t).
arrow_forward
For items 1-2, choose only one correct answer.
1. What is the speed of sound when the temperature is 39°C in aluminum?
A. 5119.2 m/s
B. 5122.2 m/s
C. 5123.4 m/s
D. 5127.4 m/s
2. What is the gravitational field strength in N/kg on the surface of the sun?
Given:
r= 6.96x10^8 m
m= 1.99x10^30 kg
A. 1.6
B. 9.8
C. 127
D. 274
arrow_forward
Two loudspeakers, A and B, are driven by the same amplifier
and emit sinusoidal waves in phase. The frequency of the waves
emined by each speaker is 730 Hz. You are standing between
the speakers, along the line connecting them and are at a point of
constructive interference
For related problemsolving tips and strategies, you may want to
view a Video Tutor Solution of Loudspeaker interference
Part A
How far must you walk toward speaker B to move to reach the first point of destructive interference? Take the speed of sound to be 344 m/s
Express your answer in meters
Submit
Request Answer
2
11
arrow_forward
Wave on a string: set wave to oscillate, end type to no end, amplitude to 1.20 cm, frequency to 2.5 hz, damping to 0,and tension to high, make sure to check the rulers and timer boxes
a. Measure wavelength and period
wavelength____cm, period _____s
b. Calculate the frequency from the period you found in a.
c. Calculate the wave speed based on your findings in a. and b.
d. Assume the "high" position of the tension as 0.00008 N, calculate the linear mass density () of the string. = ___kg/m
arrow_forward
Part C. Standing wave in an Air Column
Table 3.
Copy and paste the table into the box below. You may add more rows to the table if necessary.
No. of Cycles
Wavelength
Air Column Length L
Trial
Must be in decimal form
(m)
(m)
(ex. 1.00, 1.25, 2.50)
1
2
Edit
Viow Incert
Format
Toole
Table
arrow_forward
a. Explain the empirical relationship between mean ,median and mode for the data of your
own field physics. Ilustrate graphically relative position of mean, median and mode
for frequency curve which are skewed to right and to be left.
b. Explain in your own words that how this course "Probability and Statistics" will be
helpful to solve different problems in the field of Physics? Your answer should not be
matched with other fellows.
THE END
arrow_forward
Waves in a Pool O
While in the pool, you splash water and produce a wave that
completes 3 complete cycles in 2 seconds. The pool is 24 meters
long. Use the diagram below to help you answer the following
questions.
The period of the waves are
type your answer..
seconds.
Pool
Pool
Side
Side
24 meters
arrow_forward
Speed of Sound
Another student does this lab slightly differently from us; they define "D" as the round trip distance
from the speaker to the reflector and back. In order for this student to get a linear graph where the
slope should be the speed of sound, they should plot vs. time. (Assume that they still measure
the time exactly as you did).
4D
2D
D/2
arrow_forward
Learning Goal:
To learn the properties of logarithms and how to manipulate
them when solving sound problems.
The intensity of sound is the power of the sound waves
divided by the area on which they are incident. Intensity is
measured in watts per square meter, or W/m².
The human ear can detect a remarkable range of sound
intensities. The quietest sound that we can hear has an
intensity of 10-¹2 W/m², and we begin to feel pain when
the intensity reaches 1 W/m². Since the intensities that
matter to people in everyday life cover a range of 12 orders of
magnitude, intensities are usually converted to a logarithmic
scale called the sound intensity level 3, which is measured in
decibels (dB). For a given sound intensity I, B is found from
the equation
where Io
B = (10 dB) log (
In
= 1.0 × 10-¹² W/m².
The logarithm of x, written log(x), tells you the power to which you would raise 10 to get x. So, if y = log(x), then x = 10%. It is easy to take the
logarithm of a number such as 10², because…
arrow_forward
Learning Goal:
To learn the properties of logarithms and how to manipulate them
when solving sound problems.
The intensity of sound is the power of the sound waves divided by the
area on which they are incident. Intensity is measured in watts per
square meter, or W/m².
The human ear can detect a remarkable range of sound intensities.
The quietest sound that we can hear has an intensity of
10-12 W/m², and we begin to feel pain when the intensity reaches
1 W/m². Since the intensities that matter to people in everyday life
cover a range of 12 orders of magnitude, intensities are usually
converted to a logarithmic scale called the sound intensity level 3,
which is measured in decibels (dB). For a given sound intensity I, B
is found from the equation
B = (10 dB) log Io
where Io
= 1.0 × 10-¹² W/m².
The logarithm of x, written log(x), tells you the power to which you would raise 10 to get x. So, if y = log(x), then x = 10%. It is easy to take the logarithm of a number
such as 10², because you…
arrow_forward
Waves in a Pool O
While in the pool, you splash water and produce a wave that
completes 3 complete cycles in 2 seconds. The pool is 24 meters
long. Use the diagram below to help you answer the following
questions.
The wavelength of the waves are
type your answer..
meters.
Pool
Pool
Side
Side
24 meters
arrow_forward
Two loudspeakers, A and B, are driven by the same
amplifier and emit sinusoidal waves in phase. The
frequency of the waves emitted by each speaker is
697 Hz. You are standing between the speakers,
along the line connecting them and are at a point of
constructive interference.
For related problemsolving tips and strategies, you
may want to view a Video Tutor Solution of
Loudspeaker interference
Part A
How far must you walk toward speaker B to move to reach the first point of destructive interference? Take the speed of sound to be
344 m/s.
Express your answer in meters.
x =
17 ΑΣΦ
Submit
Request Answer
?
m
arrow_forward
Question 6
This question is related to #11 on the worksheet.
What is the speed of a wave with a wavelength of 2.0 m and a frequency of 210 Hz?
Your answer:
O 0.0095 m/s
105 m/s
208 m/s
420 m/s
arrow_forward
Q1.) Briefly explain why the primitive and conventional representations of the bcc-Na phase produce the same XRD pattern.
arrow_forward
DE-3 A train is traveling south at 50.0m/s and is blowing its
15,000Hz whistle continuously as it approaches the
intersection of the track and the road. A car is
traveling west at 30.0m/s on the road toward the
intersection as shown in the figure.
a) Find the wavelength of the sound waves traveling
south from the train.
b) Find the wavelength of the sound waves traveling
north from the train.
c) The sound waves emitted by the train in the
position shown arrive at the car when the car is in
the position shown. Find the frequency heard by
the car driver in the position shown.
Train V₁-50.0m/s
120m
+
W
S
90.0m
Vc=30.0m/s
car
arrow_forward
(Figure 1)shows a standing wave oscillating at 150 Hz on
a string.
You may want to review (Pages 460 - 463).
Part A
What is the wave speed?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
v = 30
Submit
Previous Answers
Figure
Correct
Here we learn how to find the wave speed by
Provide Feedback
50 cm
arrow_forward
Part A
You are standing 2.5 m directly in front of one of the two
loudspeakers shown in (Figure 1). They are 3.0 m apart
and both are playing a 686 Hz tone in phase.
As you begin to walk directly away from the speaker, at what distances from the speaker do you hear a minimum
sound intensity? The room temperature is 20°C.
Express your answer in meters. If there is more than one answer, enter your answers in ascending order
separated by commas.
m
Submit
Request Answer
Figure
1 of 1
Walk
2.5 m
3.0 m
arrow_forward
A Click Submit to complete this assessment.
Question 3
An underwater vehicle sends out a short sound. An echo of the sound is perceived 6.84 s after sending the pulse. If the speed of sound in the ocean is 10,191 m/s, how far away is the reflecting surface?
Round off answer to the nearest whole number. Input both the number and the symbol of the unit.
arrow_forward
Family History
I-learn
DDisney+ | Movies a...
Bb Cassia County Scho... M HBO Max
pius
Help F
Applied Physics I: Section 4 (F21) 7 W14 Individual Exercises
vidual Exercises
on 2
What is the wavelength of a 446 Hz sound wave if it is traveling in air at a temperature of 20.0 degC?
Number
Units
Submit Assignment
Quit & Save
31°F
re to search
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Two waves travelling at the same speed. Which statements about the figure below are correct?
Group of answer choices
Double the amplitude of a double the speed it travels.
Amplitude of a is twice the amplitude of b.
A has a lower frequency than b.
A has a higher frequency than b.
Amplitude of a is half the amplitude of b.
arrow_forward
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Initial Model: How do you hear someone through a cell phone? Label and draw on the model below to try to explain how cell phones work.
Now, watch this video. Take notes in the graphic organizer below.
https://youtu.be/USCBCmwMCDA
Topic in Video
Notes
How do you store or represent information using electricity?
Binary System vs. Decimal System
Text in Binary
Images in Binary
Sound in Binary
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