CH5_ARQ_DahalPandey Januka

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Chapter 5- Active Review Question Name: Januka Dahal Pandey Date: September 21, 2023 Q5-1 What is the purpose of a database? State the purpose of a database. The purpose of a database is to keep track of things. Explain the circumstances in which a database is preferred to a spreadsheet. Lists that involve data with multiple themes require a database. For example: The database has multiple themes; it shows student grades, student emails, and student office visits. Describe the key difference between Figures 5-1 and 5-2. The key distinction between Figures 5-1 and 5-2 is that the data in Figure 5-1 is about a single theme or concept. It is about student grades only. The data in Figure 5-2 has multiple themes; it shows student grades, student emails, and student office visits. We can make a general rule from these examples: Lists of data involving a single theme can be stored in a spreadsheet; lists that involve data with multiple themes require a database. Q5-2 What is a database? Define the term database . A database is a self-describing collection of integrated records. Explain the hierarchy of data and name three elements of a database. A byte is a character of data. Which is on the base line. In databases, bytes are grouped into columns , such as Student Number and Student Name . Columns are also called fields , which is on second from buttom. Columns or fields, in turn, are grouped into rows , which are also called records which is on third from buttom. The collection of data for all columns ( Student Number, Student Name, HW1, HW2 , and MidTerm ) is called a row or a record . Finally, a group of similar rows or records is called a table or a file . Define metadata . A database is a collection of tables plus relationships among the rows in those tables, plus special data, called metadata. Using the example of Student and Office_Visit tables, show how relationships among rows are represented in a database. Consider the terms on the left-hand side of Figure 5-5. You know what tables are. To understand what is meant by relationships among rows in tables , examine Figure 5-6. It shows sample data from the three tables Email, Student , and Office_Visit . Notice the column named Student Number in the Email table. That column indicates the row in Student to which a row of Email is connected. In the first row of Email , the Student Number value is 1325. This indicates that this particular email was received from the student whose Student Number is 1325. If you examine the Student table, you will see that the row for Andrea Baker has this value. Thus, the first row of the Email table is related to Andrea Baker. 1

Chapter 5- Active Review Question Name: Januka Dahal Pandey Date: September 21, 2023 Define the terms primary key, foreign key , and relational database . A key (also called a primary key ) is a column or group of columns that identifies a unique row in a table. The columns that fulfill a role like that of Student Number in the Email and Office Visit tables are called foreign keys . This term is used because such columns are keys, but they are keys of a different (foreign) table than the one in which they reside. Databases that carry their data in the form of tables and that represent relationships using foreign keys are called relational databases . (The term relational is used because another, more formal name for a table like those we’re discussing is relation .) Q5-3 What is a database management system (DBMS)? Explain the acronym DBMS and name its functions. A database management system (DBMS) is a program used to create, process, and administer a database. List five popular DBMS products. MariaDB, Popular DBMS products are DB2 from IBM, Access and SQL Server from Microsoft, Oracle Database from the Oracle Corporation, MySQL , an open source DBMS product Explain the difference between a DBMS and a database. A DBMS is a software program; a database is a collection of tables, relationships, and metadata. Summarize the functions of a DBMS. Creating the Database and Its Structures, Processing the Database, Administering the Database Define SQL . Structured Query Language (SQL) is an international standard language for processing a database. Describe the major functions of database administration. DBMS administrative functions include backing up database data, adding structures to improve the performance of database applications, removing data that are no longer wanted or needed, and similar tasks. Q5-4 How do database applications make databases more useful? Explain why database tables, by themselves, are not very useful to business users. 2

Chapter 5- Active Review Question Name: Januka Dahal Pandey Date: September 21, 2023 A set of database tables, by itself, is not very useful; the tables in Figure 5-6 contain the data the professor wants, but the format is awkward at best. The data in database tables can be made more useful, or more available for the conception of information, when it is placed into forms like that in Figure 5-2 or other formats. Name the four elements of a database application and describe the purpose of each. Forms View data; insert new, update existing, and delete existing data. Reports Structured presentation of data using sorting, grouping, filtering, and other operations. Queries Search based on data values provided by the user. Application programs Provide security, data consistency, and special purpose processing, (e.g., handle out-of-stock situations). Explain the difference between a database application and a database application program. Application programs Provide security, data consistency, and special purpose processing, (e.g., handle out-of-stock situations) Database applications are based on newer technology that employs browsers, the Web, and related standards. These browser-based applications can do everything the older ones do, but they are more dynamic and better suited to today’s world. To see why, consider each type. Describe the nature of traditional database applications. A traditional database is shared among many users. In that case, the application resides on the users’ computers and the DBMS and database reside on a server computer. A network, in most cases not the Internet, is used to transmit traffic back and forth between the users’ computers and the DBMS server computer. Traditional report, which is a static display of data, placed into a format that is meaningful to the user. Explain why browser-based applications are better than traditional ones. Name the primary technologies used to support browser-based applications. The databases in browser-based applications are nearly always shared among many users. The users’ browsers connect over the Internet to a Web server computer, which in turn connects to a database server computer (often many computers are involved on the server side of the Internet). Browser database application forms, reports, and queries are displayed and processed using html and, most recently, using html5, css3, and JavaScript. Q5-5 How are data models used for data- base development? Explain why user involvement is critical during database development. Because the design of the database depends entirely on how users view their business environment, user involvement is critical for database development. Think about the Student data- base. What data should it contain? Possibilities are Students, Classes, Grades, Emails, Office_Visits, Majors, Advisers, Student_Organizations —the list could go on and on. Further, how much detail should be included in each? Should the database include campus addresses? Home addresses? Billing addresses 3

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