lab report 2

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Texas Tech University *

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3105

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Civil Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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1 TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING Lab Report #2: Hydrostatic Forces and Buoyancy CE 3105 – Fluid Laboratory Section: 303 Team Number: 2 Instructor: Theodore Cleveland Authors: Bradley Brooks Conner Jeter Ruben Ramos Gabriel Vega Date of Experiment: 2/12/2024 Date of Submission: 2/18/2024

2 Table of Contents Theory ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Apparatus .................................................................................................................................................... 3 Procedure .................................................................................................................................................... 4 Results ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Table 1: Recorded and Calculated Results from Buoyancy Measurements ............................................. 5 Table 2: Calculated Results from Buoyancy Measurements .................................................................... 5 Table 3: Recorded and Calculated Results from Center of Pressure Measurements (Partial Submerge) 6 Table 4: Recorded and Calculated Results from Center of Pressure Measurements (Full Submerge) ..... 6 Discussion .................................................................................................................................................... 6 Data Appendix ............................................................................................................................................. 8 Error Calculations ........................................................................................................................................ 9 Sample Calculations ................................................................................................................................... 10

3 Theory Archimedes principle is the leading factor behind the theory for this experiment. This principle states and explains two things. The first is that volume of an irregularly shaped object can be found by recording the volume of a container of water, submerging the object into the container of water, and recording the new volume, and then minus both. Archimedes principle also says that when you put any object into water and submerge it, there is a buoyant force acting on the object that is equal to its weight. The Archimedes principle can be represented by, F B = w f = ρ f ⋅ V f ⋅ g . The variables associated with the equation can be detailed as F B is for Buoyant force, w f is the weight of the fluid that was displaced, ρ f for density of the fluid that was displacing the object in, V f for the volume of the fluid being displaced, and g for acceleration due to gravity. For the Buoyancy aspect of the principle, if the weight of the object is greater than the buoyant force then the object will sink. If the object's weight is less than the buoyant force, then it will float. Hydrostatic pressure is a common task for civil engineers. This is a force that will linearly increase the more depth that you have. For this set of experiments, you are looking to determine the thrust due to the fluid on a submerged plane. The machine used for this experiment uses water to measure how much force it will take to rotate a plate and weights can be added to the other side to produce a larger force. Apparatus Apparatus for Part 1 Apparatus for Part 2

4 Temperature (C) -Volume of water (mL) -Mass of asphalt, wood, and concrete (g) -Volume of asphalt, wood, and concrete (m^3) -Buoyant force acting on asphalt, wood, and concrete (N) -Density of water, asphalt, wood, and concrete (g/m^3) -Balance (degrees) -Weights (g) -Height of water (mm) -Ruler to measure distance to outer edge of water (mm) -Moment (Nm) -Approximate Vertical Force (N) -Water weight per unit volume Procedure Part 1: Displacement volumes and weight 1. Take the water temperature measurement. 2. Begin by filling a graduated cylinder with water and noting the initial volume level. 3. Weigh the first object. 4. Submerge the first object in the water and record the updated volume level. Remove the object and record the volume of water displaced. 5. Repeat this process three times for each object, resulting in nine measurements. Part 2: Center of pressure 1. Measure the temperature of the water.

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