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Feb 20, 2024

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BISC 312 Spring 2024 Dr. Bancroft / Dr. Castro Exam 1 Review (Lectures 1-10) 1. You mix a sample of an unknown solvent in water. While observing this solution microscopically, you see the formation of small spherical vesicles. What kind of macromolecule was in the unknown sample? A. Sugar B. Nucleic Acids C. Lipid D. Enzymatic Protein Chemical Foundations 2. Which of the following is the strongest acid? A. Lactic acid (K a = 1.38 * 10 -4 ) B. Phenol (K a = 1.29 * 10 -10 ) C. Carbonic acid (K a = 5.1 * 10 -7 ) D. Ammonium ion (K a = 5.62 * 10 -10 ) 3. Which of the following is true? A. When considering hydrogen bonding between water molecules, oxygen is the hydrogen bond donor and hydrogen is the hydrogen bond acceptor B. A water molecule can make up to 6 hydrogen bonds C. Hydrogen must be attached to N,O, or F to participate in hydrogen bonding D. Hydrogen bonding allows uncharged, nonpolar molecules to dissolve or mix with water Eman Ahmad, Brandon Ye, Anya Shah bisc312usc@gmail.com Review Checklist: ❏ Lecture slides ❏ Flashcards! ( *AAs and pKa’s* ) ❏ SI sheets ❏ Practice exam ❏ Review quizzes and problem sets 4. Which of the following interactions are responsible for the double-helix shape of DNA? A. Hydrogen Bonding between bases B. Covalent bonding with antiparallel strands C. Van der Waals interactions among stacked bases D. All of the above E. Both A & C 5. If a segment of DNA has a low G-C:A-T ratio, it would be reasonable to assume this segment would: A. Require less energy to separate the two DNA strands than would a comparable segment of DNA having a high G-C:A-T ratio B. Contain more guanine than cytosine C. Require more energy to separate the two DNA strands than would a comparable segment of DNA having a high G-C:A-T ratio D. Contain more adenine than thymine 6. You find that the T m of a certain genome is 50°C. What observation can you safely make when the genome is at 60°C? A. Phosphate groups in the DNA backbone begin to cleave at 60°C B. The nitrogenous bases have more resonance structures than at 50°C C. DNA converts from a helical structure to a beta sheet D. DNA will absorb more UV light at 60°C
7. Which of the following is true? A. Oxidation can be classified as the gain of e- and the gain of hydrogen B. Reduction can be classified as the loss of e- and the loss of hydrogen C. Oxygen is the strongest e- donor D. E° for standard hydrogen is 0 volts, therefore donating e- to a hydrogen cell has a negative E° 8. For the following reaction, for which ΔG = +7.1 kcal/mol, which of the following statements is true? Malic acid + NAD+ —> oxaloacetic acid + NADH + H+ A. Malic acid is reduced to oxaloacetic acid B. The reverse reaction is favorable C. The forward reaction is endergonic D. A & B E. B & C 9. What is the identity of the molecule shown above? A. CTP B. TTP C. dCTP D. dTTP 10. If you wanted to know the percentage of thymine in a particular genome, what piece of information do you need? A. Percentage of adenine B. Percentage of guanine C. Percentage of cytosine D. Could be determined from any of the above 12. Which of the following is false? A. Conjugated double bonds in nucleic acid bases allow for quantification of DNA B. The bond between nucleotides is a phosphodiester bond C. The bond between the base and sugar is glycosidic bond D. The 3’ OH on RNA can be catalytically active and self cleave in the presence of base 11. A nucleoside is a molecule that contains: A. A nitrogenous base B. A ribose sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous base C. A phosphate group and a nitrogenous base D. A ribose sugar and a nitrogenous base 13. Nucleotide bases and aromatic amino acids absorb light respectively at: A. 280 and 260 nm B. 260 and 280 nm C. 270 and 280 nm D. 260 and 270 nm 14. One water molecule can be the hydrogen bond donor to how many hydrogen bonds? A. zero B. one C. two D. four E. eight 15. The standard free energy change for any chemical reaction becomes less favorable when __________. A. ΔH increases and ΔS increases. B. Temperature increases C. ΔH decreases and ΔS decreases. D. ΔH decreases and ΔS increases E. ΔH increases and ΔS decreases 16. How would you expect the results of the Hershey-Chase experiments to differ if protein was the means for genetic information transfer? A. Radioactive phosphorus would be found in the viral capsid of progeny phages B. No new phages would form after bacterial infection C. S strain cells would cause lysis and transformation D. Radioactive sulfur would be found in the viral capsid of progeny phages
Use the protein sequence to answer the following two questions. Assume the pKa of the carboxylic acid group is 2.0 and the pKa of the amino group is 10.0. 18. What is the one-letter abbreviation of the protein sequence? A. LCET B. LMDY C. IMDT D. ICEW 17. What is the net charge on the polypeptide when in a solution with a pH of 13? A. 0 B. -1 C. -2 D. -3 20. Within a protein, a salt bridge can form between two oppositely charged amino acids. At physiologic pH, which of the following amino acid combinations can form a salt bridge? A. Aspartic acid and arginine B. Glutamic acid and aspartic acid C. Cysteine and asparagine D. Lysine and histidine 21. In the dipeptide above, which of the following bonds is not capable of free rotation? A. N1 – C2 B. N4 – C5 C. C3 – N4 D. C5 – C6 19. What is the one-letter abbreviation for the following three-letter protein sequence? Gln – Glu – His – Lys A. GDHL B. QDHK C. GEHL D. QEHK Amino Acids 22. Which of the following is NOT a sensible grouping of amino acids based on their polarity properties? A. Alanine, leucine, valine B. Arginine, histidine, lysine C. Phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine D. Aspartic acid, isoleucine, proline 23. When the amino acid alanine is added to a solution with a pH of 7.3, alanine becomes: A. A cation B. Nonpolar C. A zwitterion D. An isotope Protein Structure and Analysis 24. The ultimate conclusion of Anfinsen’s experiment was: A. Proteins can’t be renatured B. The amino acid sequence is sufficient to direct folding C. Treatment with Beta-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) can reduce disulfide bonds D. Disulfide formation before renaturation does not re-establish enzymatic activity
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