Fall 2021 Bio 114 Exam 3

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Binghamton University *

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Biology

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Dec 6, 2023

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BIOL. 114 Lecture Exam 3A Fall 2021 Follow these DIRECTIONS for full credit: 1. Put your first and last name in the box labeled <Name=. 2. Write your B-Number in area marked <ID= 3. Write your Discussion section number in the space labeled <Section=. You do not need to fill in any other field on your answer sheet. 4. Write your name and Section # on this sheet in spaces below. 5. After the exam , read and sign the following statement and turn in both the answer sheet and exam. By signing below, I give my word that I have neither cheated on this exam, nor have I knowingly allowed any other person to cheat on this exam. NAME Section #______________________________ Signature_______________________________ Exam directions: There are 40 questions on the exam; alert proctors if there are missing pages. Always read all answer choices carefully before choosing the best answer based on Bio 114 course material. 1) Imagine you are taking a class where the professor tells you that only 10% of students will get an A, no matter how everyone performs (THIS IS NOT THE CASE IN BIOL 114 THOUGH). The professor also requires that you work in groups at various times throughout the semester. Although you do your best to help your group-mates (you are a good person after all), you get the impression that there is a person in your group trying to sabotage the group work and, as a result, your grade. This might help the student look better in the eyes of the professor, so they can be one of the 10%. What kind of competition is this, and why? A) This is interspecific competition, because it is happening between different people. B) This is interference competition, since your group mate is working against you. C) This is interference competition, since you don9t know what anyone9s final grade is yet. D) This is scramble competition, because the benefits are very limited in number. E) This is scramble competition, because all students are working against the professor and their system. 2) Imagine an American robin comes across another of its species carrying an earthworm. Seeing this food item in its beak, the first tries to take it from the other. The

two begin to pull back in forth trying to claim the worm for themselves, while grabbing at each other with their feet and beating each other with their wings. Which of the following is something the worm might say to them? A) <You two are participating in scramble competition.= B) <Whichever of you loses will have to survive in your realized niche.= C) <You two are participating in interference competition.= D) <If you break me in half, that9s called resource partitioning.= E) <AAAAAAAAAAAAAHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! THAT HURTS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!= (Do not pick this answer. You will get the question wrong) 1 Downloaded by Operation Zo (zoperation567@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|30326304 3) Which of the following correctly describes competition? A) It9s a relationship where both individuals sustain a cost. B) It9s a relationship where one individual gets a benefit and one sustains a cost. C) It9s a relationship where both individuals receive a benefit. D) It9s a relationship where one individual sustains a cost and the other gets neither a cost or benefit. E) Two of the above are correct. Imagine while walking around our campus Nature Preserve. When you get to Harpur Pond you notice two different types of lily pad plants floating near the surface of the water at the shoreline, where the larger plants are closer to shore and the smaller are farther from shore. Where the two populations come together there seems to be a distinct line delineating the two populations. There also does not seem to be any of the smaller plants mixed into the population of larger plants and no larger plants mixed into the smaller plant population. You wonder if competition is taking place here, and, if so, which is the better competitor. You design an experiment where in one site you remove the larger plants and record how the smaller plants change their distribution. In a second site you remove the smaller plants and record how the larger plants change their distribution. You also have a control site where you just leave the two populations alone. The results of your experiment are displayed below. lOMoARcPSD|30326304 The following two questions refer to the scenario described above. 4)Which kind of lily pad is the stronger competitor, and how do you know? A) The larger is the stronger competitor. When the smaller were removed, they did not grow in the area where smaller pads lived before. B) The larger is the stronger competitor. When the smaller were removed, the larger

changed their distribution. C) The smaller is the stronger competitor. They changed their distribution when the large were removed. D) The smaller is the stronger competitor. When the larger were removed, they did not change their distribution. E) None of the above is correct. There was no competition taking place in this scenario. 5) Which of the following statements about this experiment is most accurate? A) The larger lily pads were living in their realized niche before the experiment was conducted. B) The smaller lily pads were living in their realized niche before the experiment was conducted. C) The lily pads were conducting interference competition in the scenario. D) Both types of lily pads were living in their fundamental niche in the control site. E) The large lily pads were living in their fundamental niche only after the small plants were removed. Oak trees produce tannins to prevent herbivory. The tannins bind to the proteins in the leaves, twigs, and acorns of the oak tree, making the proteins unavailable to the herbivore. Most animals have a gut pH that is acidic. Gypsy moth ancestors evolved a digestive system with a pH a little greater than 7.0, which causes the tannin and protein to separate during digestion, making the protein available to the caterpillar. Oak trees evolved two responses: they evolved to have a lower pH, making it harder for herbivores to digest the proteins, and, when a tree loses a significant number of leaves to herbivory, the tree produces a larger concentration of tannins to work more completely against the herbivore in general. Modern-day gypsy moths have the ability to raise the pH of their gut up to over 9.0 (at least temporarily) to overcome these defenses by the oak tree. The following three questions refer to the scenario described above. 6) The ability of the oak tree to adjust the concentration of tannins in its body is called what? A) Mimicry. B) Constitutive defense. C) Allelopathy. D) Inducible defense. E) Interspecific competition. 7) The tannins in this scenario are an example of which of the following? A) Allelopathy. B) Interspecific competition. C) Facilitation. D) Mutualism.

E) Secondary metabolites. 3 Downloaded by Operation Zo (zoperation567@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|30326304 8) The historical relationship between the gypsy moth and oak tree may be described as which? A) Reciprocal mutualism. B) Competitive exclusion. C) Resource partitioning. D) Fundamental niche separation. E) An evolutionary arms race. 9) Imagine comparing two species of small songbirds that are very similar across many of their niche requirements. Among the life history descriptors below, in which would you expect them to differ the most? A) Body size. B) Wintering range. C) Feeding strategy. D) Preferred geology. E) Habitat preference. 10) Which of the following statements about exploitative interactions is most accurate? A) Generally, it is easier for an animal to digest and obtain energy from plants than animals. B) Typically, the most nutritious parts of plants are the most readily available to the herbivore. C) Omnivores are typically thought to be highly efficient at digesting plant and animal matter. D) Most herbivores require a symbiotic mutualist to aid in the digestion of plant matter. E) None of the above is correct. 11) Which of the following is a conclusion of the Lotka-Volterra model of predator-prey interactions? A) Predators are only affected by prey, but prey are affected by species other than their predators. B) Prey population size is only affected by predator population size. C) Both predators and prey are affected by other species. D) Prey species are only affected by predators, but predators are affected by other species.

E) Predators and prey should be considered more as mutual parasites than predator and prey. 12) Which of the following is true regarding aposematic coloration? A) It is a color used to display dangerousness or indigestibility of prey. B) It is a color used by predators to intimidate other predators. C) It is the display of colors to attract mates. D) It is one of the two forms of mimicry. E) It is a color used by mutualists so they can recognize each other. 13) Which of the following statements about ant/acacia tree mutualisms is not true? A) The ants will often keep other plants from growing nearby. B) The potential cost to the ants includes being eaten. C) A cost to the acacia tree is in providing a protein source to the ants. D) The ants benefit by being able to live on the tree. E) One of the costs to the tree is in having to produce thorns. 4 Downloaded by Operation Zo (zoperation567@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|30326304 14) Which of the following statements about mutualisms is most accurate? A) Without mutualisms ever happening, Eukaryotes would not have organelles like mitochondria. B) All relationships regarding pollination are obligate mutualisms. C) The relationship between humans and honeyguides is an obligate one. D) All obligate relationships are also symbiotic. E) Moose and winter ticks are obligate mutualists and lichens are facultative mutualists. 15) The titan triggerfish ( Balistoides viridescens ) forages for food among coral reefs by flipping over rocks and parts of reefs to find pieces of anemone, urchins and coral to eat. The triggerfish is often accompanied by smaller fish looking to gain access to smaller organisms and pieces of organic matter that are dislodged by the triggerfish flipping rocks and that the triggerfish wouldn9t bother eating. Which of the following best describes the relationship among triggerfish and the smaller fish as it is described in this scenario? A) It is an obligate mutualism. B) It is a facultative mutualism.

C) It is an ammensalism. D) It is a commensalism. E) It is an interspecific competition. 16) Which of the following represents a cost to the Rhizobium sp. bacteria in its relationship with leguminous plants? A) They provide protection toward the plant. B) They lose water that they collect from the soil that they could use for themselves. C) They lose nitrogen-based molecules they could be using for themselves. D) They lose carbohydrates that they could use for their own respiration. E) They lose CO 2 that they could be using for their own photosynthesis. 17) There is a species of orchid that has evolved to only accept a single species of wasp as their pollinator. This species of wasp has also evolved to specialize in their nectar gathering from just the one species of orchid. Which of the following statements about this scenario is true? A) The relationship is likely a symbiotic one. B) The relationship is likely an obligate and symbiotic one. C) The relationship is likely an obligate one only. D) The relationship is likely a facultative and symbiotic one. E) The relationship is likely a facultative one only. 18) In a tropical forest there is a plant species (the bell flower) that flowers only at night in an effort to attract various bats and other nocturnal animals that will pollinate the flowers. The large-nosed bat not only pollinates this flower, but several other species in the area as well. How can the relationship between the bell flower and large-nosed bat be defined? A) It is an obligate mutualism only. B) It is an obligate symbiosis. C) It is a facultative mutualism only. D) It is a facultative symbiosis. E) We do not have enough information to determine this relationship. 5 Downloaded by Operation Zo (zoperation567@gmail.com) Field #1 Goldenrod Crown vetch Chicory number Field #2 number 20 Red clover 20

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