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Explore:
Thermoregulation in Turtle Embryos
Exploration
AP Biology Sem 2
Points Possible:
25
Name:Ishita Mukadam
Date:
1.
Compare and contrast endothermy and ectothermy. Does behavioral thermoregulation play a role in both of these mechanisms? Explain. (4 points)
Endothermy (also known as warm-blooded animals) maintains a stable internal body temperature through metabolic heat production. It generates and retains its own body heat, remaining active in a wide range of external temperatures. Examples include mammals and birds. Ectothermy (cold-
blooded) relies on external heat sources to regulate body temperature, seen in reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Behavioral thermoregulation is the process of using voluntary actions to regulate body temperature. Ectotherms depend more on behaviors like basking and seeking shade, while endotherms may use behaviors such as seeking shelter.
2. The authors state the following in their paper:
Many ectotherms use behavioral tactics (such as sun-seeking and shade-seeking) to
maintain their body temperatures within selected bounds. Behavioral thermoregulation requires an ability to detect spatial thermal heterogeneity and to move to favorable sites. Accordingly, biologists have assumed that the (immobile) embryonic stage cannot thermoregulate behaviorally.
a. Evaluate the passage above to determine the specific characteristics of embryos that biologists assume to provide a barrier to behavioral thermoregulation. (2 points)
Since embryos cannot actively move to seek optimal thermal environments, they may be limited in their ability to regulate their body temperature behaviorally.
b. Write a scientific question that the authors of this paper likely proposed
at the beginning of their investigation. Then write two statements that provide alternative hypotheses that answer this question and that form the basis for the experiment that the authors carried out. (3 points)
Can ectothermic embryos regulate body temperature behaviorally despite immobility?
Hypotheses 1: Embryos can move within the egg to orient towards optimal temperatures.
Hypothesis 2: Embryos are entirely dependent on external temperatures due to immobility.
3. The investigation was designed to test the researchers’ hypotheses. Evaluate some aspects of their experimental design to determine strengths and weaknesses in their approach.
a. Explain why it was important for the researchers to begin their investigation by measuring the temperature at different points on the surface of a turtle egg when it was exposed to an external heat source in only one direction. (2 points)
Measuring temperature at different points helps understand heat distribution across
the egg and potential thermal gradients.
b. Analyze Figure 2 from the paper. Which data function as a control set? Which data function as an experimental set? Do the error bars add important information that assists in drawing a conclusion from the data? Explain your answers. (3 points)
The control set is the embryo's body (measured at the point where the neck joins the carapace) from an uppermost-in-egg position (where all embryos were located at the beginning of the trials). The experimental set are the lateral heating, where the embryo shifted within the egg. The error bars indicate variability in the data and
help to assess statistical significace. For example, at developmental stage 3 days and 6 days, the error bars do not over lap in either condition, indicating the difference in angle shifted statistically significant.
c. Explain why the researchers ran a series of tests using turtle eggs buried in an outdoor set of nests when they had already run a series of laboratory tests. Did running the outdoor series strengthen or weaken their conclusion? Explain. (3 points)
Outdoor tests provide ecological validity and confirm laboratory findings in natural conditions, strengthening conclusions. In this case, they put nests in buried basking slopes to replicate outdoor conditions. This also strengthened their conclusion for support of embryo shifting to experience heat from external environment.
4. Suppose another scientist challenges the results of this investigation by
claiming that any changes observed in the embryos over time can be explained by the growth in size of the embryos. Would you be able to use the data to refute this challenge? Explain your answer. (3 points)
To refute the claim that changes are due solely to growth in size, data showing a correlation between thermoregulation and outcomes while accounting for embryonic growth can be used.
5. The authors suggest that "reptile embryos could plausibly obtain a fitness benefit by behavioral thermoregulation."
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Related Questions
Endothermic animals can maintain consistent temperature conditions by generating, main-
taining, and regulating their body heat.
Under cold conditions, more body heat becomes lost to the environment. Endothermic ani-
mals rely on different mechanisms that allow them to maintain their body heat.
Which of the following mechanisms that occur in endothermic animals does not describe a
mechanism by which they maintain their body heat under these types of conditions?
A
B
с
D
Some endothermic animals hibernate during extreme environmental conditions, which
decreases the rate of metabolic reaction and decreases heat loss.
The tissues of the blood vessels of many endothermic animals can dilate and move
closer to the skin, allowing for heat to move more readily into the environment.
Shivering, which can occur involuntarily in most endothermic animals, produces rapid
muscle contractions, which increase the rate of cellular respiration and thereby increase
heat production.
Layers of densely packed…
arrow_forward
1. What is the purpose of a "Thermal Homeostasis of Gold Fish" lab?
2. Are fish warm-blooded or cold-blooded animals?
3. How do external temperatures affect cold-blooded animals?4. How do external temperatures affect warm-blooded animals?
5. What do you think will happen if you increase/decrease the temperature of a goldfish’s water?
6. What is the hypothesis on the effects of external effects on temperature homeostasis of a goldfish?
arrow_forward
Which of the following are negative physiological feedback loops?
Group of answer choices
Osmoregulation in mammals
Thermoregulation in mammals
Generation of action potential in animal neurons
Physiological mechanisms leading to labor and birth in eutherian mammals
pH maintenance in animal cells
arrow_forward
Check Your Understanding
1. How do homeostasis and metabolism work together to keep an organism alivo
2. List and explain four methods that an organism such as a cat uses to stav
warm on cooler days.
3. Many exercise and weight-loss programs encourage speeding up an
individual's metabolism. Explain how a person could lose weight by
increasing their exercise routine.
sformations
arrow_forward
constrict
The regulation of body temperature is an example of a(n)
mechanism because an above-normal body
temperature stimulates mechanisms to decrease it, while a below-
normal temperature causes changes to bring it up.
dilate
Вook
positive feedback
Print
The thermostat is located in the part of the brain called the
blood vessels
erences
hypothalamus
When the core body temperature falls below normal, the
negative feedback
of the skin constrict and then
receive
nerve impulses to induce shivering to generate heat.
sweat glands
skeletal muscles
When the body temperature is higher than normal, the blood vessels of
the skin
and the nervous system activates
to cool the body by evaporation.
cerebellum
Reset
arrow_forward
How does investigating the homeostasis changes during exercise illustrate homeostatic feedback mechanisms in three ways?
Note - Please put emphasis on homeostasis changes during exercise and don't bring much of chemistry into it.
arrow_forward
1. What is the relationship between respiration and temperature in fish?
2. What do you think is the relationship between fish behavior and temperature?
3. Does the data in the graph, support internal temperature regulation or external temperature regulation by the goldfish?
4. Does other factors (besides temperature) affect the rate of a fish?
5. What do you think happens to the activity of fish in cold climates during the winter months?
6. Why do you think cold-blooded animals, like the goldfish, change their breathing rate when the surrounding temperature changes?7. Is Thermal Homeostasis of a Gold Fish similar to thermal homeostasis in human? If not, what is the difference?
8. How do you think this might explain the results of a "Thermal Homeostasis Gold Fish" experiment?
arrow_forward
Topic: Temperature Regulation and Osmotic Balance
Choose the letter of the correct answer in each question.
Options:
A. Positive Feedback Loop B. Osmoregulation C. Homeostasis D. Feedback Mechanism E. Stimulus F. Negative Feedback Loop
1. A loop system where system responds to perturbation.
2. A type of loop system where it reduces or suppresses any excessive response keeping.
arrow_forward
light stimulus
Refer to the figure below to answer the question that follows:
40
Bobcat (endotherm)
H
Enake (netother)
10
10
40
20
30
Ambient temperature (°C)
51. The diagram above shows the body temperature vs ambient temperature for a bobcat and snake. The
Despite this extra energy
animal that is expending more energy at lower temperatures is the
expenditure, the payoff is that
a. snake; it can be active during a wide range of temperatures
b.
bobcat; it can conserve energy
c.
snake; it can conserve energy
d.
bobcat; it can be active during a wide range of temperatures
snake; it can hide for longer in Mr. vonk's physics room
e.
Body temperature (°C)
20
arrow_forward
Q29:Which of the following is an example of Echemical?O a molecule of glucoseO water rushing over Niagara FallsO light flashes emitted by a freflyO the muscle contractions of a person mowing grass
arrow_forward
What is the purpose of studying the physiological mechanism of the animal on the eco-physiological status of hibernating bats (Chiroptera)?
arrow_forward
How can we jump higher? Explain physiologically
arrow_forward
How does investigating the homeostasis changes during exercise illustrate homeostatic feedback mechanisms in three ways?
Please put emphasis on homeostasis changes during exercise
arrow_forward
Interpret your data in Graph 1 (Image of Graph 1 attached); What does your data tell you about the effect of temperature on: a) opercular movements in goldfish? AND b) gas exchange in goldfish?
Why can data from the control fish be used as a standard for comparing opercular movements in the experimental fish?
arrow_forward
The range of regulated body temperatures in mammals is about 36 to 40°C , while in birds it is slightly higher, 38 to 42°C, close to the limit compatible with life. Why do you imagine birds maintain higher body temperatures thanmammals? Do you think eagles and hummingbirds maintain the same body temperatures? Explain.
arrow_forward
hypothesis question: to what extent does changing speed (4mph, 8mph, 12mph) when running at a constant time (8min) affect the body temperature (°C) and heart rate (bpm) of a 15 yr old female?
arrow_forward
19. The diagram shows the internal feedback mechanism that maintains blood-calcium (Ca2+)
homeostasis. If a person has a blood-calcium (Ca2+) level of 8mb/100ml of blood, which of the
following mechanisms does the body use to maintain blood-calcium homeostasis?
47 The diagram shows the internal feedback mechanism that maintains blood-calcium (Ca
homeostasis.
Increases Ca
reabsorption
in Intestines
Active
vitamin D
Stimulates
Ca reabsorption
in kidneys
Releases
PTH
parathyrold
hormone
Stimulates
Ca release
from bones
Parathyrod
9land
(behind thyoid)
Blood Cat
level rises
Homeostasis:
Blood Cat level
(about 10 ma/100 mL)
Stimulus:
Falling blood
Cat level
Ir a person has a blood-calcium (Ca) level of 8 ma/100 ml of blood, which of the following
mechanisms does the body use to maintain blood-calcium homeostasis?
a. The kidneys take up more Ca2+ and release vitamin D.
b. The bones release Ca2+
c. The intestines increase reabsorption of Ca2+
d. All of the above
arrow_forward
As the temperature surrounding an endotherm decreases from its normal body temperature down to the freezing
point of water, what happens to the amount of energy consumed by this animal?
The amount of energy consumed decreases
There is no change in the amount of energy consumed
The amount of energy consumed increases
arrow_forward
Mention 4 products of animal physiological processes for
each of the following areas:
• Application in human health, in the pharmaceutical or
cosmetic industry.
Application in agricultural or agricultural production.
Application in energy production.
• Application in industrial chemistry
Note: from what compound or substance is it made
(protein, oil, fat, alcohol, sugar, antibody, hormone, toxin,
excretion...), with what physiological processes is the
product and compound related, and what is its application
(in which area of biotechnology).
arrow_forward
Endothermic homeotherms, like mammals, maintain a high internal body temperature,
whereas ectothermic poikilotherms, like some reptiles, have internal body temperatures
that fluctuate depending on the ambient temperature of their environment. Based on their
metabolism, why might mammals have determinate growth whereas some reptiles have
indeterminate growth?
arrow_forward
Define the following cellular movements
• Epibology
• Delamination
• Ingression
• Intercalation
• Convergent Extension
[PLEASE DO NOY COPY ON GOOGLE]
arrow_forward
You want to test if oxygen consumption rates are different in males and females of a newly
discovered toad. In order to test the differences between males and females, which of the
following should be kept similar across the two groups in your experiment? (select all that
apply)
sex
O diet
4
O atmospheric oxygen levels
mass of the toad
Ooxygen consumption rate
27
arrow_forward
How are physiological changes characterized?
2.What is homeostasis? Which homeostatic factors can be regulated? How do animals vary in their ability to regulate homeostatic functions?
arrow_forward
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