1) bossism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...bossism, in U.S. history, system of political control centering about a single powerful figure (the boss) and a complex organization of lesser figures (the machine)...
2) bossism. The American HeritageŽ Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth
Edition. 2000.
...The domination of a political organization by a boss....
3) 693. Direction. Mawson, C.O. Sylvester. 1922. Roget s International
Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases
...managery [obs.]; government, gubernation [obs.], conduct, legislation, regulation, guidance; bossism [slang, U. S.]; legislature; steerage, pilotage; reins, - of...
4) corrupt practices. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...United States election fraud has historically been associated with political machines (see bossism). On the federal level, the Corrupt Practices Act of 1925, the...
5) city government. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...of New York City, Frank Hague of Jersey City, and William Hale Thompson of Chicago (see bossism). Although the urban political machine has, in most cities, lost its...
6) 3. Latin America, 1820-1914. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
...a channel to pressure the elites. In other countries, less disruptive forms of political bossism developed to keep the masses under control. With the consolidation...
7) Tammany. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...J. Tilden. However, Tammany returned to power under John Kelly, and the boss system (see bossism) became firmly entrenched in New York City. Corruption under Richard...
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