2) Marmol, Jose. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Argentine writer of the romantic school. His invectives against Juan Manuel de Rosas earned him the nickname "the poetic hangman of Rosas." He was imprisoned by Rosas...

3) Mitre, Bartolome. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Argentine statesman, general, and author, president of the republic (1862-68). An opponent of Juan Manuel de Rosas, he was forced into exile and had a colorful career...

4) Alberdi, Juan Bautista. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Argentine political philosopher, patriot, and diplomat. He opposed Juan Manuel de Rosas, and after 1838 he spent years of exile in Uruguay, Chile, and in Europe writing...

5) Lopez, Vicente Fidel. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Argentine historian, journalist, and politician; son of Vicente Lopez y Planes. A member of the group that opposed the dictatorship of Juan Manuel de Rosas, he sought...

6) Sarmiento, Domingo Faustino. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Argentine statesman, educator, and author, president of the republic (1868-74). An opponent of Juan Manuel de Rosas, he spent years of exile in Chile, becoming known...

7) Urquiza, Justo Jose de. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Argentine general and politician, president of the confederation (1854-60). As the caudillo of Entre Rios prov., he helped sustain the power of Juan Manuel de Rosas....

8) Pedro II. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Pedro II, (Dom Pedro II de Alcantara), 1825-91, emperor of Brazil (1831-89). At the age of five, he succeeded under a regency when his father, Pedro I, abdicated....

9) Lopez y Planes, Vicente. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...Argentine statesman and poet. He served (1806-7) under Jacques de Liniers against the British invaders. After the resignation of Rivadavia, he became (1827) provisional...

10) caudillo. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
...South American political leader that arose with the 19th-century wars of independence. The first caudillos were often generals who, leading private armies, used their...