| E. Cobham Brewer 18101897. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898. |
| | | Colours. | | |
|
National colours | 1 |
| Great Britain | Red and blue. |
| America, U.S. | Stars on blue, white with red stripes. |
| Austria | Red, white, and red. |
| Bavaria | Red |
| Denmark | Red, with white cross. |
| France | Blue, white, and red. |
| Netherlands | Red, white, and blue. |
| Portugal | Blue and white. |
| Prussia | White. |
| Russia | White, with blue cross. |
| Spain | Red, yellow, and red. |
| Sweden | Blue, with yellow cross. |
| Switzerland | Red, with white cross. | | | |
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