| E. Cobham Brewer 1810–1897. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898. |
| | | Seven Churches of Asia. | | |
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(1) Ephesos, founded by St. Paul, 57, in a ruinous state in the time of Justinian. | 1 |
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(2) Smyrna, still an important seaport. Polycarp was its first bishop. | 2 |
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(3) Per’gamos, renowned for its library. | 3 |
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(4) Thyati’ra, now called Ak-hissar (the White Castle). | 4 |
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(5) Sardis, now a small village called Sart. | 5 |
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(6) Philadelph’ia, now called Allah Shehr (City of God), a miserable town. | 6 |
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(7) Laodice’a, now a deserted place called Eski-hissar (the Old Castle). | 7 |
 It is strange that all these churches, planted by the apostles themselves, are now Mahometan. Read what Gamaliel said, Acts v. 38, 39 | 8 |
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