Act IV. Scene I. The Merchant of Venice. Craig, W.J., ed. 1914. The Oxford Shakespeare

Reference > William Shakespeare > The Oxford Shakespeare > The Merchant of Venice > Act IV. Scene I.

CONTENTS · BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD · DRAMATIS PERSONÆ

William Shakespeare (1564–1616). The Oxford Shakespeare. 1914.

The Merchant of Venice

Act IV. Scene I.

Venice. A Court of Justice.

Enter the DUKE: the Magnificoes; ANTONIO, BASSANIO, GRATIANO, SALARINO, SALANIO, and Others.

Duke. What, is Antonio here?

Ant. Ready, so please your Grace.

Duke. I am sorry for thee: thou art come to answer

A stony adversary, an inhuman wretch

Uncapable of pity, void and empty

From any dram of mercy.

Ant. I have heard

Your Grace hath ta’en great pains to qualify

His rigorous course; but since he stands obdurate,

And that no lawful means can carry me

Out of his envy’s reach, I do oppose

My patience to his fury, and am arm’d

To suffer with a quietness of spirit

The very tyranny and rage of his.

Duke. Go one, and call the Jew into the court.

Salar. He’s ready at the door: he comes, my lord.

Enter SHYLOCK.

Duke. Make room, and let him stand before our face.

Shylock, the world thinks, and I think so too,

That thou but lead’st this fashion of thy malice

To the last hour of act; and then ’tis thought

Thou’lt show thy mercy and remorse more strange

Than is thy strange-apparent cruelty;

And where thou now exact’st the penalty,—

Which is a pound of this poor merchant’s flesh,—

Thou wilt not only loose the forfeiture,

But, touch’d with human gentleness and love,

Forgive a moiety of the principal;

Glancing an eye of pity on his losses,

That have of late so huddled on his back,

Enow to press a royal merchant down,

And pluck commiseration of his state

From brassy bosoms and rough hearts of flint,

From stubborn Turks and Tartars, never train’d

To offices of tender courtesy.

We all expect a gentle answer, Jew.

Shy. I have possess’d your Grace of what I purpose;

And by our holy Sabbath have I sworn

To have the due and forfeit of my bond:

If you deny it, let the danger light

Upon your charter and your city’s freedom.

You’ll ask me, why I rather choose to have

A weight of carrion flesh than to receive

Three thousand ducats: I’ll not answer that:

But say it is my humour: is it answer’d?

What if my house be troubled with a rat,

And I be pleas’d to give ten thousand ducats

To have it ban’d? What, are you answer’d yet?

Some men there are love not a gaping pig;

Some, that are mad if they behold a cat;

And others, when the bagpipe sings i’ the nose,

Cannot contain their urine: for affection,

Mistress of passion, sways it to the mood

Of what it likes, or loathes. Now, for your answer:

As there is no firm reason to be render’d,

Why he cannot abide a gaping pig;

Why he, a harmless necessary cat;

Why he, a wauling bagpipe; but of force

Must yield to such inevitable shame

As to offend, himself being offended;

So can I give no reason, nor I will not,

More than a lodg’d hate and a certain loathing

I bear Antonio, that I follow thus

A losing suit against him. Are you answer’d?

Bass. This is no answer, thou unfeeling man.

To excuse the current of thy cruelty.

Shy. I am not bound to please thee with my answer.

Bass. Do all men kill the things they do not love?

Shy. Hates any man the thing he would not kill?

Bass. Every offence is not a hate at first.

Shy. What! wouldst thou have a serpent sting thee twice?

Ant. I pray you, think you question with the Jew:

You may as well go stand upon the beach,

And bid the main flood bate his usual height;

You may as well use question with the wolf,

Why he hath made the ewe bleat for the lamb;

You may as well forbid the mountain pines

To wag their high tops, and to make no noise

When they are fretted with the gusts of heaven;

You may as well do anything most hard,

As seek to soften that—than which what’s harder?—

His Jewish heart: therefore, I do beseech you,

Make no more offers, use no further means;

But with all brief and plain conveniency,

Let me have judgment, and the Jew his will.

Bass. For thy three thousand ducats here is six.

Shy. If every ducat in six thousand ducats

Were in six parts and every part a ducat,

I would not draw them; I would have my bond.

Duke. How shalt thou hope for mercy, rendering none?

Shy. What judgment shall I dread, doing no wrong?

You have among you many a purchas’d slave,

Which, like your asses and your dogs and mules,

You use in abject and in slavish parts,

Because you bought them: shall I say to you,

Let them be free, marry them to your heirs?

Why sweat they under burdens? let their beds

Be made as soft as yours, and let their palates

100

Be season’d with such viands? You will answer:

‘The slaves are ours:’ so do I answer you:

The pound of flesh which I demand of him,

Is dearly bought; ’tis mine and I will have it.

104

If you deny me, fie upon your law!

There is no force in the decrees of Venice.

I stand for judgment: answer; shall I have it?

Duke. Upon my power I may dismiss this court,

108

Unless Bellario, a learned doctor,

Whom I have sent for to determine this,

Come here to-day.

Salar. My lord, here stays without

112

A messenger with letters from the doctor,

New come from Padua.

Duke. Bring us the letters: call the messenger.

Bass. Good cheer, Antonio! What, man, courage yet!

116

The Jew shall have my flesh, blood, bones, and all,

Ere thou shalt lose for me one drop of blood.

Ant. I am a tainted wether of the flock,

Meetest for death: the weakest kind of fruit

120

Drops earliest to the ground; and so let me:

You cannot better be employ’d, Bassanio,

Than to live still, and write mine epitaph.

Enter NERISSA, dressed like a lawyer’s clerk.

124

Duke. Came you from Padua, from Bellario?

Ner. From both, my lord. Bellario greets your Grace. [Presents a letter.

Bass. Why dost thou whet thy knife so earnestly?

Shy. To cut the forfeiture from that bankrupt there.

128

Gra. Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew,

Thou mak’st thy knife keen; but no metal can,

No, not the hangman’s axe, bear half the keenness

Of thy sharp envy. Can no prayers pierce thee?

132

Shy. No, none that thou hast wit enough to make.

Gra. O, be thou damn’d, inexecrable dog!

And for thy life let justice be accus’d.

Thou almost mak’st me waver in my faith

136

To hold opinion with Pythagoras,

That souls of animals infuse themselves

Into the trunks of men: thy currish spirit

Govern’d a wolf, who, hang’d for human slaughter,

140

Even from the gallows did his fell soul fleet,

And whilst thou lay’st in thy unhallow’d dam,

Infus’d itself in thee; for thy desires

Are wolfish, bloody, starv’d, and ravenous.

144

Shy. Till thou canst rail the seal from off my bond,

Thou but offend’st thy lungs to speak so loud:

Repair thy wit, good youth, or it will fall

To cureless ruin. I stand here for law.

148

Duke. This letter from Bellario doth commend

A young and learned doctor to our court.

Where is he?

Ner. He attendeth here hard by,

152

To know your answer, whether you’ll admit him.

Duke. With all my heart: some three or four of you

Go give him courteous conduct to this place.

Meantime, the court shall hear Bellario’s letter.

156

Clerk.

Your Grace shall understand that at the receipt of your letter I am very sick; but in the instant that your messenger came, in loving visitation was with me a young doctor of Rome; his name is Balthazar. I acquainted him with the cause in controversy between the Jew and Antonio the merchant: we turned o’er many books together: he is furnished with my opinion; which, bettered with his own learning,—the greatness whereof I cannot enough commend,—comes with him, at my importunity, to fill up your Grace’s request in my stead. I beseech you, let his lack of years be no impediment to let him lack a reverend estimation, for I never knew so young a body with so old a head. I leave him to your gracious acceptance, whose trial shall better publish his commendation.

Duke. You hear the learn’d Bellario, what he writes:

And here, I take it, is the doctor come.

Enter PORTIA, dressed like a doctor of laws.

160

Give me your hand. Came you from old Bellario?

Por. I did, my lord.

Duke. You are welcome: take your place.

Are you acquainted with the difference

164

That holds this present question in the court?

Por. I am informed throughly of the cause.

Which is the merchant here, and which the Jew?

Duke. Antonio and old Shylock, both stand forth.

168

Por. Is your name Shylock?

Shy. Shylock is my name.

Por. Of a strange nature is the suit you follow;

Yet in such rule that the Venetian law

172

Cannot impugn you as you do proceed.

[To ANTONIO.] You stand within his danger, do you not?

Ant. Ay, so he says.

Por. Do you confess the bond?

176

Ant. I do.

Por. Then must the Jew be merciful.

Shy. On what compulsion must I? tell me that.

Por. The quality of mercy is not strain’d,

180

It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven

Upon the place beneath: it is twice bless’d;

It blesseth him that gives and him that takes:

’Tis mightiest in the mightiest; it becomes

184

The throned monarch better than his crown;

His sceptre shows the force of temporal power,

The attribute to awe and majesty,

Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings;

188

But mercy is above this sceptred sway,

It is enthroned in the hearts of kings,

It is an attribute to God himself,

And earthly power doth then show likest God’s

192

When mercy seasons justice. Therefore, Jew,

Though justice be thy plea, consider this,

That in the course of justice none of us

Should see salvation: we do pray for mercy,

196

And that same prayer doth teach us all to render

The deeds of mercy. I have spoke thus much

To mitigate the justice of thy plea,

Which if thou follow, this strict court of Venice

200

Must needs give sentence ’gainst the merchant there.

Shy. My deeds upon my head! I crave the law,

The penalty and forfeit of my bond.

Por. Is he not able to discharge the money?

204

Bass. Yes, here I tender it for him in the court;

Yea, twice the sum: if that will not suffice,

I will be bound to pay it ten times o’er,

On forfeit of my hands, my head, my heart.

208

If this will not suffice, it must appear

That malice bears down truth. And, I beseech you,

Wrest once the law to your authority:

To do a great right, do a little wrong,

212

And curb this cruel devil of his will.

Por. It must not be. There is no power in Venice

Can alter a decree established:

’Twill be recorded for a precedent,

216

And many an error by the same example

Will rush into the state. It cannot be.

Shy. A Daniel come to judgment! yea, a Daniel!

O wise young judge, how I do honour thee!

220

Por. I pray you, let me look upon the bond.

Shy. Here ’tis, most reverend doctor; here it is.

Por. Shylock, there’s thrice thy money offer’d thee.

Shy. An oath, an oath, I have an oath in heaven:

224

Shall I lay perjury upon my soul?

No, not for Venice.

Por. Why, this bond is forfeit;

And lawfully by this the Jew may claim

228

A pound of flesh, to be by him cut off

Nearest the merchant’s heart. Be merciful:

Take thrice thy money; bid me tear the bond.

Shy. When it is paid according to the tenour.

232

It doth appear you are a worthy judge;

You know the law, your exposition

Hath been most sound: I charge you by the law,

Whereof you are a well-deserving pillar,

236

Proceed to judgment: by my soul I swear

There is no power in the tongue of man

To alter me. I stay here on my bond.

Ant. Most heartily I do beseech the court

240

To give the judgment.

Por. Why then, thus it is:

You must prepare your bosom for his knife.

Shy. O noble judge! O excellent young man!

244

Por. For, the intent and purpose of the law

Hath full relation to the penalty,

Which here appeareth due upon the bond.

Shy. ’Tis very true! O wise and upright judge!

248

How much more elder art thou than thy looks!

Por. Therefore lay bare your bosom.

Shy. Ay, ‘his breast:’

So says the bond:—doth it not, noble judge?—

252

‘Nearest his heart:’ those are the very words.

Por. It is so. Are there balance here to weigh

The flesh?

Shy. I have them ready.

256

Por. Have by some surgeon, Shylock, on your charge,

To stop his wounds, lest he do bleed to death.

Shy. Is it so nominated in the bond?

Por. It is not so express’d; but what of that?

260

’Twere good you do so much for charity.

Shy. I cannot find it: ’tis not in the bond.

Por. You, merchant, have you anything to say?

Ant. But little: I am arm’d and well prepar’d.

264

Give me your hand, Bassanio: fare you well!

Grieve not that I am fallen to this for you;

For herein Fortune shows herself more kind

Than is her custom: it is still her use

268

To let the wretched man outlive his wealth,

To view with hollow eye and wrinkled brow

An age of poverty; from which lingering penance

Of such a misery doth she cut me off.

272

Commend me to your honourable wife:

Tell her the process of Antonio’s end;

Say how I lov’d you, speak me fair in death;

And, when the tale is told, bid her be judge

276

Whether Bassanio had not once a love.

Repent not you that you shall lose your friend,

And he repents not that he pays your debt;

For if the Jew do cut but deep enough,

280

I’ll pay it instantly with all my heart.

Bass. Antonio, I am married to a wife

Which is as dear to me as life itself;

But life itself, my wife, and all the world,

284

Are not with me esteem’d above thy life:

I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all,

Here to this devil, to deliver you.

Por. Your wife would give you little thanks for that,

288

If she were by to hear you make the offer.

Gra. I have a wife, whom, I protest, I love:

I would she were in heaven, so she could

Entreat some power to change this currish Jew.

292

Ner. ’Tis well you offer it behind her back;

The wish would make else an unquiet house.

Shy. These be the Christian husbands! I have a daughter;

Would any of the stock of Barabbas

296

Had been her husband rather than a Christian!

We trifle time; I pray thee, pursue sentence.

Por. A pound of that same merchant’s flesh is thine:

The court awards it, and the law doth give it.

300

Shy. Most rightful judge!

Por. And you must cut this flesh from off his breast:

The law allows it, and the court awards it.

Shy. Most learned judge! A sentence! come, prepare!

304

Por. Tarry a little: there is something else.

This bond doth give thee here no jot of blood;

The words expressly are ‘a pound of flesh:’

Then take thy bond, take thou thy pound of flesh;

308

But, in the cutting it, if thou dost shed

One drop of Christian blood, thy lands and goods

Are, by the laws of Venice, confiscate

Unto the state of Venice.

312

Gra. O upright judge! Mark, Jew: O learned judge!

Shy. Is that the law?

Por. Thyself shalt see the act;

For, as thou urgest justice, be assur’d

316

Thou shalt have justice, more than thou desir’st.

Gra. O learned judge! Mark, Jew: a learned judge!

Shy. I take this offer then: pay the bond thrice,

And let the Christian go.

320

Bass. Here is the money.

Por. Soft!

The Jew shall have all justice; soft! no haste:—

He shall have nothing but the penalty.

324

Gra. O Jew! an upright judge, a learned judge!

Por. Therefore prepare thee to cut off the flesh.

Shed thou no blood; nor cut thou less, nor more,

But just a pound of flesh: if thou tak’st more,

328

Or less, than a just pound, be it but so much

As makes it light or heavy in the substance,

Or the division of the twentieth part

Of one poor scruple, nay, if the scale do turn

332

But in the estimation of a hair,

Thou diest and all thy goods are confiscate.

Gra. A second Daniel, a Daniel, Jew!

Now, infidel, I have thee on the hip.

336

Por. Why doth the Jew pause? take thy forfeiture.

Shy. Give me my principal, and let me go.

Bass. I have it ready for thee; here it is.

Por. He hath refus’d it in the open court:

340

He shall have merely justice, and his bond.

Gra. A Daniel, still say I; a second Daniel!

I thank thee, Jew, for teaching me that word.

Shy. Shall I not have barely my principal?

344

Por. Thou shalt have nothing but the forfeiture,

To be so taken at thy peril, Jew.

Shy. Why, then the devil give him good of it!

I’ll stay no longer question.

348

Por. Tarry, Jew:

The law hath yet another hold on you.

It is enacted in the laws of Venice,

If it be prov’d against an alien

352

That by direct or indirect attempts

He seek the life of any citizen,

The party ’gainst the which he doth contrive

Shall seize one half his goods; the other half

356

Comes to the privy coffer of the state;

And the offender’s life lies in the mercy

Of the duke only, ’gainst all other voice.

In which predicament, I say, thou stand’st;

360

For it appears by manifest proceeding,

That indirectly and directly too

Thou hast contriv’d against the very life

Of the defendant; and thou hast incurr’d

364

The danger formerly by me rehears’d.

Down therefore and beg mercy of the duke.

Gra. Beg that thou mayst have leave to hang thyself:

And yet, thy wealth being forfeit to the state,

368

Thou hast not left the value of a cord;

Therefore thou must be hang’d at the state’s charge.

Duke. That thou shalt see the difference of our spirits;

I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it.

372

For half thy wealth, it is Antonio’s;

The other half comes to the general state,

Which humbleness may drive into a fine.

Por. Ay, for the state; not for Antonio.

376

Shy. Nay, take my life and all; pardon not that:

You take my house when you do take the prop

That doth sustain my house; you take my life

When you do take the means whereby I live.

380

Por. What mercy can you render him, Antonio?

Gra. A halter gratis; nothing else, for God’s sake!

Ant. So please my lord the duke, and all the court,

To quit the fine for one half of his goods,

384

I am content; so he will let me have

The other half in use, to render it,

Upon his death, unto the gentleman

That lately stole his daughter:

388

Two things provided more, that, for this favour,

He presently become a Christian;

The other, that he do record a gift,

Here in the court, of all he dies possess’d,

392

Unto his son Lorenzo, and his daughter.

Duke. He shall do this, or else I do recant

The pardon that I late pronounced here.

Por. Art thou contented, Jew? what dost thou say?

396

Shy. I am content.

Por. Clerk, draw a deed of gift.

Shy. I pray you give me leave to go from hence:

I am not well. Send the deed after me,

400

And I will sign it.

Duke. Get thee gone, but do it.

Gra. In christening thou shalt have two god-fathers;

Had I been judge, thou shouldst have had ten more,

404

To bring thee to the gallows, not the font. [Exit SHYLOCK.

Duke. Sir, I entreat you home with me to dinner.

Por. I humbly do desire your Grace of pardon:

I must away this night toward Padua,

408

And it is meet I presently set forth.

Duke. I am sorry that your leisure serves you not.

Antonio, gratify this gentleman,

For, in my mind, you are much bound to him. [Exeunt DUKE, Magnificoes, and Train.

412

Bass. Most worthy gentleman, I and my friend

Have by your wisdom been this day acquitted

Of grievous penalties; in lieu whereof,

Three thousand ducats, due unto the Jew,

416

We freely cope your courteous pains withal.

Ant. And stand indebted, over and above,

In love and service to you evermore.

Por. He is well paid that is well satisfied;

420

And I, delivering you, am satisfied,

And therein do account myself well paid:

My mind was never yet more mercenary.

I pray you, know me when we meet again:

424

I wish you well, and so I take my leave.

Bass. Dear sir, of force I must attempt you further:

Take some remembrance of us, as a tribute,

Not as a fee. Grant me two things, I pray you,

428

Not to deny me, and to pardon me.

Por. You press me far, and therefore I will yield.

[To ANT.] Give me your gloves, I’ll wear them for your sake;

[To BASS.] And, for your love, I’ll take this ring from you.

432

Do not draw back your hand; I’ll take no more;

And you in love shall not deny me this.

Bass. This ring, good sir? alas! it is a trifle;

I will not shame myself to give you this.

436

Por. I will have nothing else but only this;

And now methinks I have a mind to it.

Bass. There’s more depends on this than on the value.

The dearest ring in Venice will I give you,

440

And find it out by proclamation:

Only for this, I pray you, pardon me.

Por. I see, sir, you are liberal in offers:

You taught me first to beg, and now methinks

444

You teach me how a beggar should be answer’d.

Bass. Good sir, this ring was given me by my wife;

And, when she put it on, she made me vow

That I should never sell nor give nor lose it.

448

Por. That ’scuse serves many men to save their gifts.

An if your wife be not a mad-woman,

And know how well I have deserv’d the ring,

She would not hold out enemy for ever,

452

For giving it to me. Well, peace be with you. [Exeunt PORTIA and NERISSA.

Ant. My Lord Bassanio, let him have the ring:

Let his deservings and my love withal

Be valu’d ’gainst your wife’s commandment.

456

Bass. Go, Gratiano; run and overtake him;

Give him the ring, and bring him, if thou canst,

Unto Antonio’s house. Away! make haste. [Exit GRATIANO.

Come, you and I will thither presently,

460

And in the morning early will we both

Fly toward Belmont. Come, Antonio. [Exeunt.

CONTENTS · BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD

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