| The Encyclopedia of World History. 2001. |
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| 1734, June 2 |
| | | Capitulation of Danzig; Stanislas fled to Prussia. The war was ended by the Treaty of Vienna (Oct. 5, 1735, ratified 1738), which assured the victory of the Russian-Austrian policy in Poland. | 1 |
| | | 1734–63 |
| | | AUGUSTUS III, king. He spent a little time in Poland and did little to prevent Russian encroachment, especially during the Seven Years' War. Growing agitation for reform in Poland after 1740; two parties, led by the Potocki and Czartoryski families. The former looked to France for support and aimed at the establishment of an aristocratic constitution; the latter, relying on Russian support, envisaged strengthening of the royal power, abolition of the liberum veto, and so on. However, most reforms were private rather than public. | 2 |
| | | 1740 |
| | | The Collegium Nobilium founded by the educator Stanislaw Konarski. | 3 |
| | | 1740s |
| | Michal Ogi ski built canals. | 4 |
| | | 1748 |
| | | Public library opened in Lunéville. The library was plundered by the Russians in 1795 and sent to St. Petersburg. | 5 |
| | | 1760ff |
| | | Andrezej Zamoysky abolished serfdom on his estates. | 6 |
| | | 1764 |
| | | The Sejm created a Commission of Finance to develop a modern customs system. Prussia responded by creating a fortress at Marienwerder to terrorize Polish trade. | 7 |
| | | 1766–68 |
| | | Eastern Orthodox Catholics and Protestants granted equal rights with Roman Catholics at the insistence of Russia and Prussia. This raised a storm of protest in Poland and led (1768) to the formation of the Confederation of Bar, an anti-Russian association that soon enjoyed the active support of France. | 8 |
| | | 1772, Aug. 5 |
| | | THE FIRST PARTITION OF POLAND. Poland lost about a third of its territory and about half of its inhabitants (See 1772, Aug. 5). | 9 |
| | | 1773 |
| | | The Polish Diet, forced to accept the partition, began to effect reforms (council of state, divided into five ministries, to govern when the diet was not in session). | 10 |
| | | 1775 |
| | | Land possession made a requirement for all new nobles. Before this, nobility had been ascribed to one's role in society rather than to economic position. | 11 |
| | | 1776 |
| | | Royal decree ended witch hunts. | 12 |
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| The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth
edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. |
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