Indo-European Family of Languages, The (table). The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07

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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07.

Indo-European Family of Languages, The (table)

Subfamily	Group	Subgroup	Languages and Principal Dialects
Anatolian			Hieroglypic Hittite^, Hittite (Kanesian)^, Luwian^, Lycian^, Lydian^, Palaic^
Baltic			Latvian (Lettish), Lithuanian, Old Prussian^*
Celtic	Brythonic		Breton, Cornish, Welsh
	Continental		Gaulish^*
	Goidelic or Gaelic		Irish (Irish Gaelic), Manx^*, Scottish Gaelic
Germanic	East Germanic		Burgundian^, Gothic^, Vandalic^*
	North Germanic		Old Norse^* (see Norse), Danish, Faeroese, Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish
	West Germanic (see Grimm’s law)	High German	German, Yiddish
	West Germanic (see Grimm’s law)	Low German	Afrikaans, Dutch, English, Flemish, Frisian, Plattdeutsch (see German language)
Greek			Aeolic^, Arcadian^, Attic^, Byzantine Greek^, Cyprian^, Doric^, Ionic^, Koin^, Modern Greek
Indo-Iranian	Dardic or Pisacha		Kafiri, Kashmiri, Khowar, Kohistani, Romany (Gypsy), Shina
	Indic or Indo-Aryan		Pali^, Prakrit^, Sanskrit^, Vedic^
		Central Indic	Hindi, Hindustani, Urdu
		East Indic	Assamese, Bengali (Bangla), Bihari, Oriya
		Northwest Indic	Punjabi, Sindhi
		Pahari	Central Pahari, Eastern Pahari (Nepali), Western Pahari
		South Indic	Marathi (including major dialect Konkani), Sinhalese (Singhalese)
		West Indic	Bhili, Gujarati, Rajasthani (many dialects)
	Iranian		Avestan^, Old Persian^
		East Iranian	Baluchi, Khwarazmian^, Ossetic, Pamir dialects, Pashto (Afghan), Saka (Khotanese)^, Sogdian^*, Yaghnobi
		West Iranian	Kurdish, Pahlavi (Middle Persian)^, Parthian^, Persian (Farsi), Tajiki
Italic	(Non-Romance)		Faliscan^, Latin, Oscan^, Umbrian^*
	Romance or Romanic	Eastern Romance	Italian, Rhaeto-Romanic, Romanian, Sardinian
	Romance or Romanic	Western Romance	Catalan, French, Ladino, Portuguese, Provençal, Spanish
Slavic or Slavonic	East Slavic		Belarusian (White Russian), Russian, Ukrainian
	South Slavic		Bulgarian, Church Slavonic^*, Macedonian, Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian
	West Slavic		Czech, Kashubian, Lusatian (Sorbian or Wendish), Polabian^*, Polish, Slovak
Thraco-Illyrian			Albanian, Illyrian^, Thracian^
Thraco-Phrygian			Armenian, Grabar (Classical Armenian)^, Phrygian^
Tokharian (W China)			Tokharian A (Agnean)^, Tokharian B (Kuchean)^

^* Asterisk indicates a dead language.

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