| The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07. |
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| Holy Roman Emperors (table) |
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| | | Saxon dynasty | | Otto I, 936–73 | | Otto II, 973–83 | | Otto III, 983–1002 | | Henry II, 1002–24 | | | | Salian or Franconian dynasty | | Conrad II, 1024–39 | | Henry III, 1039–56 | | Henry IV, 1056–1105 | | Henry V, 1105–25 | | Lothair II, duke of Saxony, 1125–37 | | | | Hohenstaufen dynasty and rivals | | Conrad III, 1138–52 | | Frederick I, 1152–90 | | Henry VI, 1190–97 | | Philip of Swabia, 1198–1208 | | antiking: Otto IV (Guelph), 1198–1208 | | Otto IV (king, 1208–12; emperor, 1209–15), 1208–15 | | Frederick II (king, 1212–20; emperor, 1220–50), 1212–50 | | Conrad IV, 1237–54 | | antiking: Henry Raspe, 1246–47 | | antiking: William, count of Holland, 1247–56 | | | | Interregnum, 1254–73 | | Richard, earl of Cornwall, and Alfonso X of Castile, rivals | | | | Hapsburg, Luxemburg, and other dynasties | | Rudolf I (Hapsburg), 1273–91 | | Adolf of Nassau, 1292–98 | | Albert I (Hapsburg), 1298–1308 | | Henry VII (Luxemburg), 1308–13 | | Louis IV (Wittelsbach), 1314–46 | | Charles IV (Luxemburg), 1346–78 | | Wenceslaus (Luxemburg), 1378–1400 | | Rupert (Wittelsbach), 1400–1410 | | Sigismund (Luxemburg), 1410–37 | | | | Hapsburg dynasty | | Albert II, 1438–39 | | Frederick III, 1440–93 | | Maximilian I, 1493–1519 | | Charles V, 1519–58 | | Ferdinand I, 1558–64 | | Maximilian II, 1564–76 | | Rudolf II, 1576–1612 | | Matthias, 1612–19 | | Ferdinand II, 1619–37 | | Ferdinand III, 1637–57 | | Leopold I, 1658–1705 | | Joseph I, 1705–11 | | Charles VI, 1711–40 | | | | Interregnum (1740–42) and other dynasties | | Charles VII (Wittelsbach-Hapsburg), 1742–45 | | Francis I (Lorraine), 1745–65 | | | | Hapsburg-Lorraine dynasty | | Joseph II, 1765–90 | | Leopold II, 1790–92 | | Francis II, 1792–1806 |
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| | | The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright © 2007 Columbia University Press. |
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