| The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07. |
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| Ho-shen |
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(hô-sh n) (KEY) , 1750–99, Manchu official noted for symbolizing the widespread corruption of the Ch’ing dynasty of China during its decline. As a favorite of emperor Ch’ien-lung, he rose, within two years, from bodyguard to grand councilor and minister of the imperial household. Later, while president of the boards of revenue and civil office, he amassed a great fortune through extortion. After Ch’ien Lung’s death, the new emperor Chia Ch’ing seized his wealth and ordered him to commit suicide. |
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| | | The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright © 2007 Columbia University Press. |
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