| The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07. |
| Braid, James |
| 1795?–1860, English surgeon and writer on hypnotism and magic. The first to use the term hypnotism instead of mesmerism or animal magnetism, he also demonstrated that it was achieved by suggestion. His writings prepared the way for investigations into what was later called the unconscious mind. |
| The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright © 2007 Columbia University Press. |
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