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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition.  2001-07.
 
apostrophe, figure of speech
 
 
figure of speech in which an absent person, a personified inanimate being, or an abstraction is addressed as though present. The term is derived from a Greek word meaning “a turning away,” and this sense is maintained when a narrative or dramatic thread is broken in order to digress by speaking directly to someone not there, e.g., “Envy, be silent and attend!”—Alexander Pope, “On a Certain Lady at Court.”
 
 
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright © 2007 Columbia University Press.

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