| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. |
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Appendix I
Indo-European Roots |
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| ENTRY: | (s)keu- |
| DEFINITION: | To cover, conceal. Zero-grade form *(s)ku-. Variant *(s)keu -, zero-grade form *(s)ku-, contracted to *(s)k -.
Derivatives include sky, meerschaum, scum, obscure, recoil, and hoard.
1. Suffixed basic form. a. sky, from Old Norse sk , cloud; b. skewbald, from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse sk, cloud. Both a and b from Germanic *skeu-jam, cloud (“cloud cover”). 2. Zero-grade form *sk-. a. Suffixed form *sk-mo-. (i) skim, from Old French escume, scum; (ii) meerschaum, from Old High German scm, scum; (iii) scum, from Middle Dutch schm, scum. (i)–(iii) all from Germanic *skmaz, foam, scum (< “that which covers the water”); b. suffixed form *sk-ro-. obscure; chiaroscuro, from Latin obscrus, “covered,” dark (ob-, away from; see epi). 3. Zero-grade form *k -. a. Suffixed form *k-ti-. hide2, from Old English hd, skin, hide, from Germanic *hdiz; b. suffixed form *ku-ti-. cutaneous, cuticle, cutis; cutin, from Latin cutis skin; c. possibly suffixed form *k-lo-. culet, culotte; bascule, recoil, from Latin clus, the rump, backside; d. suffixed form *ku-to-. –cyte, cyto-, from Greek kutos, a hollow, vessel. 4. Extended zero-grade form *kus-. a. (i) hose, hosel, from Old English hosa, hose, covering for the leg; (ii) lederhosen, from Old High German hosa, leg covering. Both (i) and (ii) from Germanic *hus n-; b. suffixed form *kuz-dho- (or suffixed extended form *kudh-to-). (i) hoard, from Old English hord, stock, store, treasure (< “thing hidden away”), from Germanic *huzdam; (ii) compound *kuzdho-zd-, “sitting (over) a treasure” (*-zd-, sitting; see sed-). custody, from Latin custs, guard; c. kishke, from Russian kishka, gut (< “sheath”). 5. Suffixed extended zero-grade form *kut-no-. cunnilingus, from Latin cunnus, vulva (< “sheath”). 6. Extended root *keudh-. a. hide1, from Old English hdan, to hide, cover up, from Germanic suffixed lengthened zero-grade form *hd-jan; b. hut, from French hutte, hut, from Germanic suffixed zero-grade form *hd-jn-; c. huddle, from Low German hudeln, to crowd together, probably from Germanic *hd-. 7. shieling, from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse sk li, hut, from Germanic suffixed o-grade form *skaw-ala-. (Pokorny 2. (s)keu- 951.) |
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| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by the Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. |
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