gerbh- The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000.

The American Heritage^® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000.

Appendix I

Indo-European Roots

ENTRY:	gerbh-
DEFINITION:	To scratch. Derivatives include carve, crawl¹, and program. 1. carve, from Old English ceorfan, to cut, from Germanic kerban. 2. kerf, from Old English cyrf,* a cutting (off), from zero-grade Germanic form kurbiz. 3. Variant form grebh-. a. crab¹, from Old English crabba, a crab, from Germanic krab(b)-; b. crayfish, from Old High German kerbiz,* edible crustacean, from Germanic krabiz-; c. perhaps Germanic krab-. crawl¹, from Old Norse krafla, to crawl. 4. Zero-grade form gbh-. a. glamour, graffito, graft¹, gram¹, –gram, grammar, –graph, –grapher, graphic, –graphy; agrapha, agraphia, anagram, diagram, epigram, epigraph, graphite, iconography, paragraph, parallelogram, program, pseudepigrapha, Tetragrammaton, topography, from Greek graphein,* to scratch, draw, write, gramma (< gbh-m), a picture, written letter, piece of writing, and gramm,* a line; b. landgrave, margrave, palsgrave, from Middle Dutch grve and Middle Low German grave, count, from West Germanic grafa, a designation of rank, possibly borrowed from Greek grapheus,* scribe. (Pokorny gerebh- 392.)


The American Heritage^® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by the Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.